The effect of long-term care public benefits and insurance on informal care from outside the household: empirical evidence from Italy and Spain

Courbage, Christophe; Montoliu-Montes, Guillem; Wagner, Joël

doi:10.1007/s10198-020-01215-7

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…This is in line with previous literature on the nature of caregiving, and its associations with burden and burnout, which have increased among informal caregivers during the pandemic (e.g., Sheth et al, 2021). When older persons enter an LTC facility, family members usually continue to stay involved (Courbage et al, 2020; Eika et al, 2014), yet the transition may result in reduced levels of burden and burnout and in a gained sense of freedom (Cottrell et al, 2020). Our initial findings, however, suggest a profound sense of ambivalence on the part of the family members during the lockdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Didn’t Meet My Mother; I Saw My Mother”: The Challenges Facing Long-Term Care Residents and Their Families in the Age of COVID-19

Avidor

Ayalon

2021

J Appl Gerontol

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The present research examines the effects of protective measures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic within long-term care (LTC) settings on residents and their family members. Open-ended qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 family members of older adults who resided in LTC settings during the first wave of the pandemic in Israel. The first theme identified is Rupture, including the physical disconnect; the disruption in routine treatment to residents; and decline in the satisfaction with the setting. The second theme is Response, including sharing viewpoints and involvement in decision-making, as well as an intense ambivalence shared by family members. Our findings highlight the distress caused to residents and family members by the isolation and restrictions in LTC settings during the pandemic and underscore values and priorities that are central to them and their family members, including maintaining continuity, transparency, and working in unison with their families, staff, and management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Didn’t Meet My Mother; I Saw My Mother”: The Challenges Facing Long-Term Care Residents and Their Families in the Age of COVID-19

Avidor

Ayalon

2021

J Appl Gerontol

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“…any chronic diseases pose significant economic and humanistic burden for patients, families, and society as a whole. For example, it has been estimated that the indirect costs of lost economic productivity of people with chronic diseases are almost 300% greater than the direct costs of healthcare (1). The economic consequences of health-related employment inactivity of people with chronic conditions can also extend to the government due to increased spending on support programs and lost tax revenues (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have also examined how including the cost of informal care can influence findings of cost-effectiveness studies, where inclusion of the cost of informal care can determine the likelihood that interventions are considered costeffective or not (12). Many determinants can influence the amount of informal care provided, including age, gender, geographic region, caregiver relationship, the level of dependence of the person requiring care and the amount of social services being provided (1,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Major Cost Drivers in Assessing the Economic Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Structured, Rapid Review

Kließ¹,

Martins²,

Connolly

2021

J Prev Alz Dis

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Background: Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause of dementia, affecting memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms eventually grow severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. AD is predicted to increase healthcare spending and costs associated with formal and informal caregiving. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the contribution of the different cost components associated with AD. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting the economic burden of Alzheimer`s Disease beyond the healthcare setting. The search was conducted in Medline, Embase and EconLit and limited to studies published in the last 10 years. For each identified cost component, frequency weighted mean costs were calculated across countries to estimate the percentage contribution of each component by care setting and disease severity. Results obtained by each costing approach were also compared. Results: For community-dwelling adults, the percentage of healthcare, social care and indirect costs to total costs were 13.9%, 17.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The percentage of costs varied by disease severity with 26.0% and 10.4% of costs spent on healthcare for mild and severe disease, respectively. The proportion of total spending on indirect costs changed from 60.7% to 72.5% as disease progressed. For those in residential care, the contribution of each cost component was similar between moderate and severe disease. Social care accounted on average for 85.9% of total costs. Conclusion: The contribution of healthcare costs to the overall burden was not negligible; but was generally exceeded by social and informal care costs.

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“…Secondly, from the comparison of public LTCI systems in different countries, By comparing the development of public LTCI in the Netherlands, Germany, South Korea and Japan, we find that the structural design of public LTCI, including fund-raising and qualification procedures, has different characteristics in different countries (Campbell et al 2010;Courbage et al 2020;Rhee et al 2015;Chandoevwit&Wasi,2020). In order to operate stably and sustainably, public LTCI must adapt to local conditions and reform continuously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Review of evolution of the public long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in different countries: influence and challenge

Chen

Zhang

2020

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background The growing demand for LTC (Long-term care) services for disabled elderly has become a daunting task for countries worldwide, especially China, where population aging is particularly severe. According to CSY (China Statistical Yearbook,2019), the elderly aged 65 or above has reached 167 million in 2018, and the number of disabled elderly is as high as 54%. Germany and other countries have alleviated the crisis by promoting the public LTCI (Long-Term Care Insurance) system since the 1990s, while China’s public LTCI system formal pilot only started in 2016. Therefore, the development of the public LTCI system has gradually become a hot topic for scholars in various countries, including China. Methods This review has been systematically sorted the existing related literature to discuss the development of public LTCI (Long-Term Care Insurance)system form four aspects, namely, the comparison of public LTCI systems in different countries, the influence of public LTCI, challenge of public LTCI, and the relationship between public LTCI and private LTCI. We searched some databases including Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, SCOPUS, EBSCO, EMBASE, ProQuest and PubMed from January 2008 to September 2020. The quality of 38 quantitative and 21 qualitative articles was evaluated using the CASP(Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) critical evaluation checklist. Results The review systematically examines the development of public LTCI system from four aspects, namely, the comparison of public LTCI systems in different countries, the influence of public LTCI, the challenge of public LTCI, and the relationship between public LTCI and private LTCI. For example, LTCI has a positive effect on the health and life quality of the disabled elderly. However, the role of LTCI in alleviating the financial burden on families with the disabled elderly may be limited. Conclusion Some policy implications on the future development of China’s LTCI system can be obtained. For example, the government should fully consider the constraints such as price rise, the elderly disability rate, and the substantial economic burden. It also can strengthen the effective combination of public LTCI and private LTCI. It does not only help to expand the space for its theoretical research but also to learn the experiences in the practice of the LTCI system in various countries around the world. It will significantly help the smooth development and further promote the in-depth reform of the LTCI system in China.

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The effect of long-term care public benefits and insurance on informal care from outside the household: empirical evidence from Italy and Spain

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

“I Didn’t Meet My Mother; I Saw My Mother”: The Challenges Facing Long-Term Care Residents and Their Families in the Age of COVID-19

“I Didn’t Meet My Mother; I Saw My Mother”: The Challenges Facing Long-Term Care Residents and Their Families in the Age of COVID-19

Major Cost Drivers in Assessing the Economic Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Structured, Rapid Review

Review of evolution of the public long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in different countries: influence and challenge

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