The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: An ecological study

Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos; Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de; Cancela, Marianna de Camargo; Carvalho, Mónica; Oliveras-Fabregas, Albert; Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236779

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Basque Country and Navarre were among the Spanish communities that required more time than the national average (18.33 days) to reduce the daily number of deaths. Moreover, The Basque Country presented together with La Rioja and Catalonia some of the highest rates of hospital and ICU admissions (Siqueira et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Symptoms in Health Professionals in Spain After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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Following the declaration of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020, a state of alarm was decreed in Spain. In this situation, healthcare workers experienced high levels of stress, anxiety and depression due to the heavy workload and working conditions. Although Spain experienced a progressive decline in the number of COVID-19 cases until the last week of May (when a flattening of the case curve was achieved) and the work overload among health workers was substantially reduced, several studies have shown that this work overload is associated with the later emergence of psychological symptoms induced by stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and compassionate fatigue in health professionals. The sample consisted of 973 health professionals 16.5% men, 82.9% women, and one non-binary person. The data were collected through an online questionnaire sent to the participants by e-mail. DASS-21 was used to measure anxiety, stress and depression, PCL-C to measure post-traumatic stress and ProQOL -vIV to measure compassion fatigue. In addition, other descriptive variables that could be related to these levels of psychological symptomatology were evaluated. The results reveal that after the work overload experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers report psychological symptoms, post-traumatic stress and compassion fatigue. It is therefore recommended that these professionals be provided with psychological help in order to reduce the emotional impact of COVID-19, and consequently improve their mental health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Symptoms in Health Professionals in Spain After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies have shown that strict lockdown measures were effective in combating the spread of COVID-19 cases in several countries, including China, South Korea, Singapore, and Spain. 11 , 26 , 27 , 37 , 38 Like many countries, Bangladesh also enforced a nationwide lockdown as non-pharmaceutical intervention to interrupt the spread of the COVID-19. A recent study has suggested that robust implementation of lockdown and strict social distancing can results in a 60% reduction of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, considering both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several countries, such as China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Singapore, reduced the case numbers dramatically through strict social distancing and mass testing measures. 10 , 11 Among European countries, Italy first imposed nationwide lockdown measures. However, different European countries adopted different degrees of control measures to flatten the infection curves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Lockdown Measures and Meteorological Parameters on the COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Bangladesh

Imran¹,

Noor²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2021

Infectious Microbes and Diseases

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a public health crisis and a global catastrophe for human societies. In the absence of a vaccine, non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented across the world to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Recently, several studies have articulated the influence of meteorological parameters on COVID-19 infections in several countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lockdown measures and meteorological parameters on COVID-19 daily confirmed cases and deaths in Bangladesh. Different parameters, such as case fatality rate, recovery rate, number of polymerase chain reaction tests, and percentages of confirmed cases were calculated for data covering March to September 2020. The meteorological data include daily average temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and their effects on COVID-19 data were analyzed after 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. A linear regression analysis revealed that all the studied meteorological parameters were positively correlated with the daily new cases and deaths in Bangladesh, while the highest correlations were observed for the 14 days incubation period. These results provide useful implications for the healthcare authorities to contain the pandemic in Bangladesh and beyond.

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“…In the absence of vaccination and effective drugs, non-pharmaceutical PHIs are being considered as the only way to control COVID-19. Although many countries like the UK and the US have implemented multiple interventions to control the new epidemic [36,37], there is no doubt that the political, social, and geographical context has affected the success of any [38,39]. Nevertheless, it is not completely known which intervention(s), why, where, for whom, and how…”

Section: Why a Realist Review Of Context And What Is The Contributiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the non-pharmaceutical public health interventions against COVID-19; a protocol of a systematic review and realist review

et al. 2020

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Background Without any pharmaceutical intervention and vaccination, the only way to combat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to slow down the spread of the disease by adopting nonpharmaceutical public health interventions (PHIs). Patient isolation, lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, changes in health care provision, and mass screening are the most common non-pharmaceutical PHIs to cope with the epidemic. However, there is neither systematic evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical PHIs in controlling the COVID-19 nor on how these interventions work in different contexts. Therefore, in this study we will address two main objectives: 1) to assess the effectiveness of the non-pharmaceutical PHIs in controlling the spread of COVID-19 using a systematic review and meta-analyses; 2) to explore why, how, and for whom these interventions work using a realist review. Materials and methods This review study has two main phases. In the first phase of this study, we will extract data from two main types of studies including quasi-experimental studies (such as quasi-randomized trials, controlled before-after studies (CBAs) and interrupted time series studies (ITSs)) and observational studies (such as cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies), written in the English language. We will explore effectiveness of the non-pharmaceutical PHIs targeted either suppression or mitigation strategies (or a combination of both) in controlling the COVID-19 epidemics in the community level. Effectiveness will be considered as the changes in mortality rate, incidence rate, basic reproduction number rate, morbidity rate, rates of hospitalization, rates of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and other health This is a Registered Report and may have an associated publication; please check the article page on the journal site for any related articles.

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The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: An ecological study

Cited by 59 publications

References 30 publications

Psychological Symptoms in Health Professionals in Spain After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Psychological Symptoms in Health Professionals in Spain After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Impact of Lockdown Measures and Meteorological Parameters on the COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Bangladesh

Effectiveness of the non-pharmaceutical public health interventions against COVID-19; a protocol of a systematic review and realist review

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