The effect of loading rate and degeneration on neutral region motion in human cadaveric lumbar motion segments

Ilharreborde, Brice; Zhao, Kristin D.; Boumediene, Emir; An, Kai Nan

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.08.006

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The degenerative degree is graded radiographically following the scale introduced by Wilke et al [76] Eur Spine J From early studies, consensus about an increase of the size of the neutral zone in all the three main directions for degenerated discs seemed to emerge [45,51]. More recently, other studies either confirmed these trends [23] or showed no-or hardly any-change in its size between healthy and degenerated motion segments [63]. In the aforementioned retrospective paper about a wide number of degenerated specimens [37], an increase in the neutral zone was found only in axial rotation, and was not limited to mild degeneration, but progressed with the presence of severe degenerative changes (Fig.…”

Section: Neutral Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing and degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and their impact on spinal flexibility

et al. 2014

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Purpose Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is associated with various morphological changes of the disc itself and of the adjacent structures, such as reduction of the water content, collapse of the intervertebral space, disruption and tears, and osteophytes. These morphological changes of the disc are linked to alterations of the spine flexibility. This paper aims to review the literature about the ageing and degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and their link with alterations in spinal biomechanics, with emphasis on flexibility. Methods Narrative literature review. Results Clinical instability of the motion segment, usually related to increased flexibility and hypothesized to be connected to early, mild disc degeneration and believed to be responsible for low back pain, was tested in numerous in vitro studies. Despite some disagreement in the findings, a trend toward spinal stiffening with the increasing degeneration was observed in most studies. Tests about tears and fissures showed inconsistent results, as well as for disc collapse and dehydration. Vertebral osteophytes were found to be effective in stabilizing the spine in bending motions. Conclusions The literature suggests that the degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and surrounding structures lead to subtle alteration of the mechanical properties of the functional spinal unit. A trend toward spinal stiffening with the increasing degeneration has been observed in most studies.

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Section: Neutral Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing and degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and their impact on spinal flexibility

et al. 2014

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“…The effect of deformation rate on the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues has been investigated, in particular for ligaments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tendons [4,[7][8][9], spines [10][11][12][13], bones [14][15][16][17], liver [18], heart valves [19,20] and myocardium [21,22]. Most biological tissues stiffen with increasing deformation rate [4,7,9,[11][12][13]17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of deformation rate on the mechanical properties of arteries

Delgadillo¹,

Delorme²,

Mora³

et al. 2010

JBiSE

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Pig aorta samples were tested uniaxially and equi- biaxially at deformation rates from 10 to 200 %/s. Under uniaxial and biaxial testing, loading forces were reduced up to 20% when the deformation rate was increased from 10 to 200 %/s, which is the opp- osite to the behaviour seen in other biological tissues. A rate-dependent isotropic hyperelastic constitutive equation, derived from the Mooney-Rivlin model, was fitted to the experimental results (e.g. aorta specimens) using an inverse finite element technique. In the proposed model, one of the material par- ameters is a linear function of the deformation rate. The inverse relationship between stiffness and defo- rmation rate raises doubts on the hypothesized rel- ationship between intramural stress, arterial injury, and restenosis

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“…Similar increases in stiffness in the neutral zone of human FSU specimens were reported by Gay et al due to an increase in test frequency from 0.5-6.0°/s in pure moment testing in the sagittal plane. 77 The temperature of specimens also has effects on the measured stiffness. Bass et al reported that the stiffness of the ALL was 38% greater at 21.1°C compared to 37.8°C.…”

Section: 75mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Multi-Axis Spine Testing: Clinical Relevance and Research Recommendations

et al. 2015

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Back pain and spinal degeneration affect a large proportion of the general population. The economic burden of spinal degeneration is significant, and the treatment of spinal degeneration represents a large proportion of healthcare costs. However, spinal surgery does not always provide improved clinical outcomes compared to non-surgical alternatives, and modern interventions, such as total disc replacement, may not offer clinically relevant improvements over more established procedures. Although psychological and socioeconomic factors play an important role in the development and response to back pain, the variation in clinical success is also related to the complexity of the spine, and the multi-faceted manner by which spinal degeneration often occurs.The successful surgical treatment of degenerative spinal conditions requires collaboration between surgeons, engineers, and scientists in order to provide a multi-disciplinary approach to managing the complete condition. In this review, we provide relevant background from both the clinical and the basic research perspectives, which is synthesized into several examples and recommendations for consideration in increasing translational research between communities with the goal of providing improved knowledge and care.Current clinical imaging, and multi-axis testing machines, offer great promise for future research by combining invivo kinematics and loading with in-vitro testing in six degrees of freedom to offer more accurate predictions of the performance of new spinal instrumentation. Upon synthesis of the literature, it is recommended that in-vitro tests strive to recreate as many aspects of the in-vivo environment as possible, and that a physiological preload is a critical factor in assessing spinal biomechanics in the laboratory. A greater link between surgical procedures, and the outcomes in all three anatomical planes should be considered in both the in-vivo and in-vitro settings, to provide data relevant to quality of motion, and stability.

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The effect of loading rate and degeneration on neutral region motion in human cadaveric lumbar motion segments

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Ageing and degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and their impact on spinal flexibility

Ageing and degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and their impact on spinal flexibility

Effect of deformation rate on the mechanical properties of arteries

Advanced Multi-Axis Spine Testing: Clinical Relevance and Research Recommendations

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