The Effect of Living Conditions on Stress and Behavior of Horses

Abstract

Providing an adequate environment for horses is important to minimize the level of stress for domesticated horses. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effect of living conditions on stress level of horses, 2) to observe the effect of one month confinement on self-maintenance behavior and stereotypic behavior of horses. The experiment was conducted at National Institute of Animal Science, Equine Field Station (Seonghwan-eup, Korea). Horses were staying in the paddock prior to the experiment. On day 1, five horses were randomly selected and housed in metal fence panels stall. Six horses remained in the same paddock. The ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (on day 15) and cortisol (on day 1 and 29) from stalled horses were significantly higher than horses in the paddock. Duration or frequency of self-maintenance behaviors such as feeding, drinking, resting, walking was not significantly different between day 1 and day 29. However, the frequency of urination significantly decreased (p<0.05) on day 29 compared with day 1. The frequency of stereotypic behaviors was not different between day 1 and 29. Our data indicate that horses may be more stabled when they are staying in the paddock rather than staying in the stall, but the stress level of horses in the stall during one month confinement was not effective for horses to adapt stereotypic behavior. In conclusion, providing an adequate environment and stress-less horse management techniques can minimize the stress level of horses.

Forced Handling Decreases Emotionality but Does Not Improve Young Horses’ Responses toward Humans and their Adaptability to Stress

“…Increased neutrophil counts accompanied by lymphopenia are becoming a recognized biomarker of prolonged stress in animals, for a growing number of researchers [ 42 , 51 , 52 ]. Our results agree with previous works, e.g., [ 7 ], asserting even more the importance of the indicative value of this ratio (NL).…”

“…In the present study, the handled foals showed mean values of the NL ratio just a trace above reference values, meaning that there were some individuals for which the NL ratio was higher. Moreover, comparing the range of NL ratios, we observed that 70% of control foals were within the normal range for healthy horses (1.25~1.57) [ 52 ], but only 10% (Int-H) and 12% (Month-H) of the handled ones were also within this range, and all the others exhibited higher values.…”

Efeitos da privação alimentar de 48 horas na resposta de fase aguda em cavalos

“…Os equinos estão inevitavelmente expostos ao estresse durante sua vida, incluindo estressores psicológicos, fisiológicos e físicos associados às práticas rotineiras de manejo (1) . Um exemplo é a restrição alimentar.…”

Effects of 48-hour feed deprivation on acute-phase response in horses

“…Equines are inevitably exposed to stress during their life, including psychological, physiological and physical stressors associated with routine management practices (1) . An example is feed restriction.…”