The effect of lipid droplet size on satiety and peptide secretion is intestinal site-specific

Abstract

Compared to larger fat droplets, smaller droplets significantly affect satiety, gastric emptying and gut peptide release, but with the effect being dependent on the intestinal location of fat delivery. DUTCH TRIALREGISTER: NTR1515.

Imaging gastric structuring of lipid emulsions and its effect on gastrointestinal function: a randomized trial in healthy subjects

“…Similar to other studies, the smaller fat droplet size and slower gastric emptying of LE1 than LE2 resulted in increased fullness and decreased hunger sensations (40,43,44). The faster gastric emptying, reduced intestinal secretion, and lower fat digestibility of LE3 resulted in the highest and lowest ratings of hunger and fullness sensations, respectively.…”

Specific food structures supress appetite through reduced gastric emptying rate

“…However, in a study comparing liquid and semi-solid meals, the latter was more satiating, even though there was no difference in CCK-8 or GLP-1 secretion (36). It has also been shown that the detection of fat in the duodenum can significantly reduce hunger, increase fullness, and delay gastric emptying (20).…”

Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in the perioperative period: why is this not part of our daily practice?

“…7 An in vitro model has suggested a plasma level as high as 2.5 g litre 21 to optimise coagulation altered by a dilution coagulopathy. 8 At term, parturients already exhibits a higher level of fibrinogen compared with non-pregnant women. 9 During PPH, a fibrinogen level ,2 g litre 21 has been shown to predict progression to more severe bleeding or the need for a haemostatic intervention, 10 although even higher levels have been suggested.…”

“…For example, when a lipid emulsion is infused directly into the duodenum, gastric motility decreases and appetite is suppressed. 8 Filling the intestine with food or drink triggers a neurohumoral response mediated by the vagus nerve, the myenteric plexus, and the release of small bowel peptide hormones (e.g. CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1), which affect gastrointestinal function and slow gastric emptying.…”

“…For example, whole cow's milk (fat content 4%) contains around 650 kcal litre 21 , whereas the same volumes of skimmed and semi-skimmed milk contain 340 and 460 kcal, respectively. 15 The effect might be linked at least partially to the size of lipid droplets, 8 smaller lipid droplets leading to more intense inhibition, possibly due to a greater contact surface area between the intestine and the nutrient. Milk cannot be used as a generic term, but requires precise definition as to what can (or cannot) be drunk.…”