The effect of Li2CO3 addition on the structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics

Structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0–3 PZT/PVDF composites

“…The raw materials of analytical grade such as PbO, ZrO 2 and TiO 2 were mixed in ethanol in stoichiometric ratio and were calcined at 700 1C for an hour. These powders were kept at 1280 1C in a lead rich atmosphere for 2 h [28][29][30][31][32]. 15 wt% of PVDF granules were dissolved in 20 ml of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 80 ml of acetone by stirring in a magnetic stirrer at 40 1C for 30 min.…”

“…PZT ceramic powders were synthesized by adopting low temperature calcination route which yields a pure perovskite phase via stabilization of A 3 B 4 O 13 pyrochlore phase as reported in our earlier study [28][29][30][31][32]. Further, it was found in our previous study that the thermal processing conditions play an important role in deciding the crystalline phase and hence in turn the material properties of PVDF films [10].…”

“…Further, it was found in our previous study that the thermal processing conditions play an important role in deciding the crystalline phase and hence in turn the material properties of PVDF films [10]. Therefore, the optimized processing conditions obtained in our previous studies were employed to synthesize PZT based PVDF films aimed to incorporate the advantages of PZT ceramic and PVDF polymer [10,[29][30][31][32].…”

Low‐temperature sintering Sm‐doped PMN–PZ–PT multilayer ceramic actuator with high strain and temperature stability

“…Among these strategies, the addition of sintering aids stands out as an effective way to reduce the sintering temperature, attributed to the formation of low‐melting point phases at grain boundaries, which accelerate the atomic migration and grain growth during the solid‐state reaction process 19 . For lead‐based piezoelectric ceramics, low temperature sintering has been achieved at temperatures below 1050°C by adding the low‐melting point sintering aid, such as Li 2 CO 3 , 20– 22 CuO, 23,24 LiBiO 2 , and 25– 27 PbO 21,28 Kim et al 29 . investigated the effect of CuO as a sintering aid on the sintering behavior of 0.69 Pb(Zr 0.47 Ti 0.53 )O 3 –0.31 Pb [(Zn 0.4 Ni 0.6 ) 1/3 Nb 2/3 ]O 3 (PZT–PZNN) ceramics, achieving a high piezoelectric coefficient d 33 = 502 pC/N at sintering temperature of 1025°C by adding 0.125 mol% CuO.…”

Dielectric and piezoelectric performance of gadolinium‐doped lead lanthanum zirconate titanate

“…Piezoelectric ceramic materials based on the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with compositional fluctuations around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are commercially important due to their excellent electromechanical properties. 1 Consequently, PZT ceramics with different Zr/Ti ratios have a unique position among all ferroelectric materials reported so far for device actuators and sensors, 2 micro electromechanical systems, 3 pyroelectric devices 4, and applications of nonvolatile memories. 5 Therefore, the properties of PZT are highly dependent on structure, sintering temperature, and particle size.…”