The effect of leucine on the crystal growth of calcium carbonate

The inhibition of calcium carbonate crystal growth by the cysteine-rich Mdm2 peptide

“…The crystal surface contains active sites Table 3 Comparative data on the inhibition of calcite precipitation based on the ratio of the rate constants for adsorption and desorption, K aff = k a /k d with different energy such as kinks, steps, and terraces, but for the adsorption process only a small fraction of the available active sites are used with similar adsorption energy [22,32,[49][50][51]. The presence of Mdm2 in the supersaturated solutions only affect the crystallization kinetics of calcite, causing no changes in the mechanism of crystal growth or favoring the formation of another calcium carbonate polymorph such as aragonite [52], vaterite [53], or hydrated calcium carbonate [54,55]. Since Mdm2 peptide did not influence the crystallization of calcite, it is expected that it would cause a change in the electrokinetic parameters of calcite particles.…”

Vaterite in the mortars of a mosaic in the Saint Peter basilica, Vatican (Rome)

“…Many studies have dealt with crystallization and transformation mechanisms of calcium carbonate polymorphs from aqueous solutions [6][7][8][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], with particular interest to the biomineralization process, through which CaCO 3 is naturally formed in vivo. CaCO 3 polymorphism is a very important problem in biomineralization since many organisms are able to exert control over the mineral form and all the three anhydrous crystalline forms have been observed in mollusc shells and fish otoliths macromolecules [9,10].…”

“…Jada and Jradi have studied the influence of anionic polyelectrolites on size and shape of calcite and vaterite crystallisation from supersaturated solutions [20] and various studies have demonstrated that the formation of vaterite is favoured by the presence of amino acids and alcohols. In the presence of the amino acids alanine, glycine, lysine, polyglycine, polymethionine, polylysine [21] and leucine [22] in supersaturated solutions vaterite becomes stable. Similarly, ethanol, isopropanol and diethylene glycol stabilize the vaterite phase, preventing its transformation into calcite [7] and Xie et al [23] have demonstrated that high concentrations of polyethylene glycol promote the formation of vaterite.…”

Effect of sodium polyacrylate molecular weight on the crystallogenesis of calcium carbonate

“…The crystallization of calcium carbonate is of considerable importance in numerous industrial applications as well as in biology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Hence, calcium carbonate and others calcium-containing salts are the major constituents in the biological organisms such as mollusc shell and bone.…”