The Effect of Lean‐Seafood and Non‐Seafood Diets on Fecal Metabolites and Gut Microbiome: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study

Schmedes, Mette Søndergaard; Brejnrod, Asker; Aadland, Eli Kristin; Kiilerich, Pia; Kristiansen, Karsten; Jacques, Hélène; Lavigne, Charles; Graff, Ingvild Eide; Eng, Øyvin; Holthe, Asle; Mellgren, Gunnar; Young, Jette F.; Sundekilde, Ulrik Kræmer; Liaset, Bjørn; Bertram, Hanne Christine

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700976

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…65 Fish proteins, the gut microbiota, and lipid status A randomized controlled crossover trial previously reporting on glucose and lipid metabolism in response to lean seafood consumption in 20 healthy human individuals 1,3 recently also reported on the effect of lean seafood and non-seafood consumption on fecal metabolites and the gut microbiome. 68 The authors observed a twofold increase in fecal trimethylamine excretion after the lean seafood intervention. Moreover, the ratio between total cholesterol and HDL-C and the circulating levels of triacylglycerol and trimethylamine N-oxide (a metabolite associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease) were each associated with specific gut bacteria.…”

Section: Possible Links Between Fish Proteins and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Overall, the authors concluded that the presence of seafood in the diet affects the gut microbiome composition and activity, which in turn seems to affect circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide and, hence, the risk for cardiovascular disease. 68 Taurine, bile acid metabolism, and the gut microbiota Marine protein sources tend to have a higher level of taurine, an amino acid-derived organic compound shown to prevent diet-induced weight gain and improve insulin sensitivity in rats, than other animal protein sources. 69,70 A fish protein hydrolysate diet with a high content of taurine was found to elevate plasma bile acids and reduce visceral adipose tissue mass in rats.…”

Section: Possible Links Between Fish Proteins and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish–derived proteins and their potential to improve human health

2019

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Emerging evidence from studies evaluating the effect of lean fish consumption in humans suggests that proteins from fish have several beneficial metabolic effects. Rest, or waste, material from the fishing industry contains high-quality proteins, and utilization of this material offers novel possibilities for the development of protein-containing products that might be beneficial for human consumption. Fish-derived peptides containing bioactive amino acid sequences suggested to beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, hypertension, lipid profile, and regulation of glucose metabolism are of particular interest, although the results of published studies are conflicting. This review aims to summarize current knowledge from animal studies and clinical interventions in humans evaluating the effects of lean fish, fish proteins, and fish-derived peptides on outcomes related to metabolic health. Fish proteins have a high content of taurine, and animal trials suggest that taurine mediates some of the beneficial effects observed thus far, although the mechanisms by which fish peptides exert their action are not yet elucidated. At this time, the literature is inconsistent, and there is insufficient mechanistic evidence to support a beneficial effect of fish-derived peptides on metabolic health.

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Section: Possible Links Between Fish Proteins and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Possible Links Between Fish Proteins and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish–derived proteins and their potential to improve human health

2019

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“…Recently, several studies have explored the relationship between gut bacterial taxa and circulating levels of TMAO in humans [5,12,13,38,39]. For example, three intervention studies including 20 to 60 participants found that several genera (e.g., Clostridium clusters XIVa) belonging Clostridiales order were associated with elevated TMAO [5,38,39]. Strains from Clostridium XIVa have been con rmed to possess a choline TMA-lyase (cutC) [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary factors, gut microbiota, and serum trimethylamine-N-oxide associated with cardiovascular disease

Mei¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

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Background Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived and gut microbiota-related metabolite, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the major dietary determinants and the specific gut bacterial taxa related to TMAO remain to be identified in humans. We aimed to identify dietary and gut microbial factors independently and jointly associated with circulating TMAO. Results We examined usual dietary intake, fecal gut microbiome profiled by shotgun metagenomics, and their interactions in relation to serum TMAO and its precursors among up to 3972 adult participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We confirmed the positive association between TMAO and prevalent CVD (OR = 1.28, P = 4.36⋅10− 4). Fish (P = 1.26⋅10− 17), red meat (P = 3.33⋅10− 16), and egg (P = 3.89⋅10− 5) intakes were top dietary factors positively associated with serum TMAO independently of each other. Red meat and egg intakes, but not fish intake, were positively associated with serum TMAO precursors (e.g., carnitine, choline). We identified 9 gut bacterial species significantly associated with serum TMAO after multiple testing correction (FDR < 0.05). All 4 TMAO-positively-associated bacteria belong to the Clostridiales order, 3 of which may have homologous genes encoding carnitine monooxygenase, an enzyme converting carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA)/TMAO. The red meat-TMAO association was more pronounced for participants with higher abundance of these 4 bacterial species than those with lower abundance (Pinteraction=0.013), but such microbial modification was not observed for fish-TMAO or egg-TMAO associations. Conclusion In US Hispanics/Latinos, fish, red meat, and egg intakes are major dietary factors associated with serum TMAO. The identified potential TMA-producing gut microbiota and microbial modification on the red meat-TMAO association support microbial TMA/TMAO production from dietary carnitine, while the fish-TMAO association is independent of gut microbiota.

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“…A cross-sectional study found that red meat but not white meat intake was positively associated with plasma TMAO concentrations, and that fish intake was associated with increased TMAO concentrations in both plasma and urine [17]. In addition, studies suggest that gut microbiota composition influences the extent of TMAO production [18,19]. Intriguingly, a recent study where women on a high-meat Paleolithic diet were compared with women on a regular diet concluded that the high-meat Paleolithic diet was not associated with an increase in plasma levels of TMAO [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background Diet Influences TMAO Concentrations Associated with Red Meat Intake without Influencing Apparent Hepatic TMAO-Related Activity in a Porcine Model

et al. 2020

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Red meat has been associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, possibly through gut microbial-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). However, previous reports are conflicting, and influences from the background diet may modulate the impact of meat consumption. This study investigated the effect of red and white meat intake combined with two different background diets on urinary TMAO concentration and its association with the colon microbiome in addition to apparent hepatic TMAO-related activity. For 4 weeks, 32 pigs were fed chicken or red and processed meat combined with a prudent or western background diet. 1 H NMR-based metabolomics analysis was conducted on urine samples and hepatic Mrna expression of TMAO-related genes determined. Lower urinary TMAO concentrations were observed after intake of red and processed meat when consumed with a prudent compared to a western background diet. In addition, correlation analyses between urinary TMAO concentrations and relative abundance of colon bacterial groups suggested an association between TMAO and specific bacterial taxa. Diet did not affect the hepatic Mrna expression of genes related to TMAO formation. The results suggest that meat-induced TMAO formation is regulated by mechanisms other than alterations at the hepatic gene expression level, possibly involving modulations of the gut microbiota.

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The Effect of Lean‐Seafood and Non‐Seafood Diets on Fecal Metabolites and Gut Microbiome: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study

Abstract: Lean-seafood and non-seafood diets differentially modulate the gut microbiome composition and activity. Furthermore, the gut microbiota composition seems to affect circulating TMAO levels and CVD risk factors.

Cited by 33 publications

References 61 publications

Fish–derived proteins and their potential to improve human health

Fish–derived proteins and their potential to improve human health

Dietary factors, gut microbiota, and serum trimethylamine-N-oxide associated with cardiovascular disease

Background Diet Influences TMAO Concentrations Associated with Red Meat Intake without Influencing Apparent Hepatic TMAO-Related Activity in a Porcine Model

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