The effect of larger than cell diameter polylactic acid surface patterns on osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells

Abstract

Topography of the scaffold is one of the most important factors defining the quality of artificial bone. However, the production of precise micro-and nano-structured scaffolds, which is known to enhance osteogenic differentiation, is expensive and time-consuming. Meanwhile, little is known about macro-patterns (larger than cell diameter) effect on cell fate, while this kind of structures would significantly facilitate the manufacturing of artificial skeleton. Therefore, this research is focused on polylactic acid scaffold's macropattern impact on rat's dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. For this study, two types of scaffolds were 3D printed: wavy and porous. Wavy scaffolds consisted of 188 μm wide joined threads, meaning that cells might have been curved on the filament as well as compressed in the groove. Porous scaffolds were designed to avoid groove formation and consisted of 500 μm threads, arranged in the woodpile manner, forming 300 μm diameter pores. We found that both macro-surfaces influenced DPSC morphology compared to control. As a consequence, enhanced DPSC proliferation and increased osteogenic differentiation potential was registered in cells grown on these scaffolds. Finally, our results showed that the construction of an artificial bone did not necessarily require the precise structuring of the scaffold, because both types of macrotopographic PLA scaffolds were sufficient enough to induce spontaneous DPSC osteogenic differentiation. How to cite this article: Alksne M, Simoliunas E, Kalvaityte M, Skliutas E, Rinkunaite I, Gendviliene I, Baltriukiene D, Rutkunas V, Bukelskiene V. 2019. The effect of larger than cell diameter polylactic acid surface patterns on osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2019:107A:174-186.

Effect of electric stimulus on human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in 3D‐printed scaffolds

“…The cell‐surrounding environment is an essential parameter for different cell actions 54 . The morphology and attachment of hADMSCs on the scaffolds were determined by SEM imaging.…”

DNA-DAPI Interaction-Based Method for Cell Proliferation Rate Evaluation in 3D Structures

“…Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were obtained from ATCC (Kielpin, Poland) and were a kind gift from dr. Mindaugas Valius. DPSC isolation was performed as described in our previous protocol 12 . Cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MH-22a, were grown in DMEM growth medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% streptavidin/penicillin.…”

“…The rate of cell proliferation inside the 3D scaffolds shows their integration and biocompatibility [10]. To accurately track cell-scaffold interaction processes, sometimes it is necessary to know the exact cell number [11,12]. However, current available methods for measuring cell proliferation are not accurate enough to evaluate the cell number in 3D surroundings [13,14].…”

Recent Progress on 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid and Its Applications in Bone Repair

“…The macroscopic morphology of the PLA surface can even affect the orientation and morphology of the cells: the grooves of the wavy scaffold significantly induce cell elongation and change the morphology of the nucleus, whereas the cells grown on the porous scaffold are flatter and curved. [155] However, more complex grid designs are very interesting, especially in the field of tissue engineering. A study based on the resolution limit of fused deposition modeling to optimize the PLA scaffold printing model, Germain et al printed a spiral scaffold (as shown in Figure 18) and a common pillar-based structure with FDM and compared the two.…”

“…Many of the parameters associated with these struts and resulting meshes can vary, such as the diameter of the struts, the space between them, and the orientation from one layer to another. The macroscopic morphology of the PLA surface can even affect the orientation and morphology of the cells: the grooves of the wavy scaffold significantly induce cell elongation and change the morphology of the nucleus, whereas the cells grown on the porous scaffold are flatter and curved . However, more complex grid designs are very interesting, especially in the field of tissue engineering.…”