“…In particular, optical instruments onboard remote-sensing satellites provide imagery in multiple spectral bands, usually in visible, near-infrared, short wave infrared, and thermal infrared. However, these data can be contaminated with cloud cover that, in many cases, makes it very difficult to acquire imagery in an optimal time range to discriminate crops (PaxLenney & Woodcock, 1997;Prishchepov, Radeloff, Dubinin, & Alcantara, 2012). On the other hand, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instruments offer unique features to image crops due to their allweather capabilities and ability to capture crop characteristics different from those derived from optical instruments (Skakun, Kussul, Shelestov, Lavreniuk, & Kussul, 2016b;Stefanski, Chaskovskyy, & Waske, 2014).…”