The Effect of Key Size of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboards on Productivity, Usability, and Typing Biomechanics

Kim, Jeong Ho; Aulck, Lovenoor; Thamsuwan, Ornwipa; Bartha, Michael C.; Johnson, Peter W.

doi:10.1177/0018720814531784

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The results of Kim et al (2014) imply that prolonged use of touch screen keyboards potentially increase the risk of experiencing musculoskeletal discomfort and affect muscle groups (as a result of this static loading) in wrist and shoulder regions. Zunjic et al (2015) discussed the factors that affect the quality of education such as the dimensions of school furniture with respect to the students' anthropometric properties, and conclude that a comfortable working environment (air conditioning, illumination, etc.)…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Traditional Education and Tablet-Assisted Education on Students: A Comparative Analysis

Uyal

Yel

Korhan

2017

EURASIA J MATH SCI T

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With the recent technological advances, there is a shift from traditional education to tablet-assisted learning environment. This study compares the problems experienced by students in traditional education and tablet-assisted educational activities. The impact of traditional education on students has been discussed by a comprehensive analysis of the literature. The findings showed that the physical discomforts due to tablet-use are intensively experienced at neck, upper back, lower back, and shoulder regions, which are very similar to those experienced in traditional education. Reading and writing activities have impact on the shoulders, upper back, and the left upper arm. The developed risk assessment model has shown that both educational and extracurricular activities result in significant risk factors of physical discomfort. Analysis of the muscular activity data implied that there were significant differences among muscle groups for each respondent, which validates and verifies our risk assessment model.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Traditional Education and Tablet-Assisted Education on Students: A Comparative Analysis

Uyal

Yel

Korhan

2017

EURASIA J MATH SCI T

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“…For the T5 tap‐typing task, compared with the lowest error rate (7.7%) for the smallest key spacing of 15 mm squared in Kim's study () with 14‐in. display settings and the significantly decreased error rates (from 2.4% to 1.0%) as key spacing increased (from 13.5 × 8.7 to 27.5 × 17.0 mm) in Tao's study () with 23‐in.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Third, regarding the tap‐typing tasks, the display size effects interactively strengthen the key size/spacing effects induced by the discrepancies of these sizes. Compared with the studies with larger display sizes in the studies of Kim et al () and Tao et al () (14‐in. [347 × 248 mm] and 23‐in.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, regarding the tap-typing tasks, the display size effects interactively strengthen the key size/spacing effects induced by the discrepancies of these sizes. Compared with the studies with larger display sizes in the studies of Kim et al (2014) and Tao et al (2018) (14-in. [347 × 248 mm] and 23-in. [570 × 420 mm]), the results of this study with the smaller displays further supported the display size effects by prolonging the horizontal key spacing (from 18 to 17.5 mm) to 19.5 mm to reach the plateau (optima) of speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Balance with the interactive size effects of display, target, and key spacing in tablet tapping, dragging, and typing tasks

Chen

2019

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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This study aimed to expand the current demonstration of display size effects from pointing tasks to dragging and tap‐typing tasks to investigate the effects of influential factors on the performance of touchscreen tablets. From 7‐ to 11‐in. displays, the index of difficulty was kept constant by increasing the target amplitudes and widths (6.0–9.5 mm) proportionally, and the key spacing were, respectively, 13.5 × 7.3–21.5 × 11.5 mm with 0‐mm key gaps. The results demonstrated that simple task types (complexities) reinforced the display size effects and that the effects interacted with target sizes (including amplitude/width scaling) and key spacing to reflect increasing efficiency and usability with increasing sizes. Gender effects were only significant in subjective assessments. Display sizes approaching 10 in., target sizes not less than 7 mm (optimal 9–10 mm) and key spacing larger than 17.5 mm induced the effects of motor scale (the scale of the upper limb joint coordination) and interacted with one another to result in the optimal performance and usability.

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“…Concerning device size or key size, some researches have reported that smaller key sizes on software/virtual keyboards reduce the data entry speed and accuracy [4]- [6]. Although the above researches targeted sighted people, the same tendency may be derived from blind users, or touching small objects may become more difficult for them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Touchscreen Device Size on Non-Visual Icon Search

Yamazaki

Watanabe

2017

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of device size on non-visual icon search using a touch interface with voice output. We conducted an experiment in which twelve participants searched for the target icons with four different-sized touchscreen devices. We analyzed the search time, search strategies and subjective evaluations. As a result, mobile devices with a screen size of 4.7 inches had the shortest search time and obtained the highest subjective evaluation among the four devices. key words: blind people, touchscreen, icon search, screen reader, user interface

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The Effect of Key Size of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboards on Productivity, Usability, and Typing Biomechanics

Abstract: We evaluated the effects of virtual keyboard key sizes on typing force exposures, muscle activity, comfort, and typing productivity.

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Traditional Education and Tablet-Assisted Education on Students: A Comparative Analysis

Impact of Traditional Education and Tablet-Assisted Education on Students: A Comparative Analysis

Balance with the interactive size effects of display, target, and key spacing in tablet tapping, dragging, and typing tasks

Effects of Touchscreen Device Size on Non-Visual Icon Search

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