The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets

Polyakova, Zlata; Iwase, Masao; Hashimoto, Ryota; Yoshida, Masatoshi

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1012300

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

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“…To this end, neurophysiological studies using animal models of schizophrenia are needed. Since eye-tracking during free-viewing and analysis of visual salience is an experimental paradigm that has been successfully used in non-human primates such as macaque monkeys 17 and marmosets 19 , replicating the present results in a non-human primate model of schizophrenia 43 , 44 would open the door to understanding the precise brain mechanism of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Visual salience is affected in participants with schizophrenia during free-viewing

Yoshida,

Miura,

Fujimoto

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Abnormalities in visual exploration affect the daily lives of patients with schizophrenia. For example, scanpath length during free-viewing is shorter in schizophrenia. However, its origin and its relevance to symptoms are unknown. Here we investigate the possibility that abnormalities in eye movements result from abnormalities in visual or visuo-cognitive processing. More specifically, we examined whether such abnormalities reflect visual salience in schizophrenia. Eye movements of 82 patients and 252 healthy individuals viewing natural and/or complex images were examined using saliency maps for static images to determine the contributions of low-level visual features to salience-guided eye movements. The results showed that the mean value for orientation salience at the gazes of the participants with schizophrenia were higher than that of the healthy control subjects. Further analyses revealed that orientation salience defined by the L + M channel of the DKL color space is specifically affected in schizophrenia, suggesting abnormalities in the magnocellular visual pathway. By looking into the computational stages of the visual salience, we found that the difference between schizophrenia and healthy control emerges at the earlier stage, suggesting functional decline in early visual processing. These results suggest that visual salience is affected in schizophrenia, thereby expanding the concept of the aberrant salience hypothesis of psychosis to the visual domain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Visual salience is affected in participants with schizophrenia during free-viewing

Yoshida,

Miura,

Fujimoto

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Pathways for Naturalistic Looking Behavior in Primate I: Behavioral Characteristics and Brainstem Circuits

Takahashi,

Veale

2023

Neuroscience

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Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys

Liu,

Cheng,

Lin

et al. 2023

National Science Review

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Oculomotor behavior has been shown to be correlated with mental disorders in clinics, making it promising for disease diagnosis. Here we developed a thorough oculomotor test toolkit, involving saccade, smooth pursuit, and fixation, allowing to examine multiple oculomotor parameters in monkey models induced by psychoactive drugs. Eye movements were recorded after daily injections of phencyclidine (PCP) (3.0 mg/kg), ketamine (0.8 mg/kg) or controlled saline in two macaque monkeys. Both drugs led to robust reduction in accuracy and increment in reaction time during high cognitive-demanding tasks. Saccades, smooth pursuit, and fixation stability were also significantly impaired. The involuntary microsaccades during fixation exhibited increased amplitudes and were biased toward lower visual field. Pupillary response was reduced during cognitive tasks. Both drugs also increased sensitivity to auditory cues as reflected in auditory evoked potentials (AEP). Thus, our animal model induced by psychoactive drugs produced largely similar abnormalities to that in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly, a classifier based on dimension reduction and machine learning could reliably identify altered states induced by different drugs (PCP, ketamine and saline, accuracy = 93%). The high performance of the classifier was reserved even when data from one monkey were used for training and testing the other subject (averaged classification accuracy = 90%). Thus, despite heterogeneity in baseline oculormotor behavior between the two monkeys, our model allows data transferability across individuals, which could be beneficial for future evaluation of pharmaceutical or physical therapy validity.

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The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Visual salience is affected in participants with schizophrenia during free-viewing

Visual salience is affected in participants with schizophrenia during free-viewing

Pathways for Naturalistic Looking Behavior in Primate I: Behavioral Characteristics and Brainstem Circuits

Decoding effects of psychoactive drugs in a high-dimensional space of eye movements in monkeys

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