The structure as well as IR and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of H 5 O 2 1 in crystalline H 5 O 2 1 ClO 4 À were simulated using Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics with the BLYP functional. The potential of the OÁ Á ÁH 1 Á Á ÁO fragment is very shallow. The Pnma structure, assumed in the X-ray study to be the most suitable choice, is a saddle point on the potential energy surface, while the P2 1 2 1 2 1 minimum structure is only 20 cm À1 lower in energy. The computed INS and IR spectra enable us to achieve a complete assignment of the observed spectra. The broad band between 1000 and 1400 cm À1 is due to the asymmetric stretch and one of the bending vibrations of the OÁ Á ÁH 1 Á Á ÁO fragment, while the band between 1600 and 1800 cm À1 is due to the bending vibration of the water molecules and the second bending of the OÁ Á ÁH 1 Á Á ÁO fragment. Comparison with the vibrational spectra of isolated H 5 O 2 1 , obtained using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation, reveals environmental effects on vibrational proton dynamics in strong H-bonded species. The most pronounced changes are found for the OÁ Á ÁH 1 Á Á ÁO bending modes because the two bending coordinates become distinctly different for the structure that the H 5 O 2 1 ion assumes in the crystal.