The effect of irrigation on development of citrus variegated chlorosis symptoms

Gonçalves, Fabrício Packer; Stuchi, Eduardo Sanches; Lourenço, Sílvia; Kriss, Alissa B.; Gottwald, T. R.; Amorim, Lílian

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2013.11.016

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While, inside the leaf, the fastidian gum appears, an exopolysaccharide associated with the formation of biofilms inside the xylem vessels probably involved in bacterial pathogenicity [ 52 ]. Affected fruits are smaller, harsher, and ripen earlier, with lesser juice content and higher acidity [ 53 ]. To find a potential cure against this economically significant disease, research aimed to understand the resistance mechanisms has been conducted.…”

Section: Profiling Change Of Metabolites In Economic Plants Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

et al. 2020

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During their evolutionary history, plants have evolved the ability to synthesize and accumulate small molecules known as secondary metabolites. These compounds are not essential in the primary cell functions but play a significant role in the plants’ adaptation to environmental changes and in overcoming stress. Their high concentrations may contribute to the resistance of the plants to the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which has recently re-emerged as a plant pathogen of global importance. Although it is established in several areas globally and is considered one of the most dangerous plant pathogens, no cure has been developed due to the lack of effective bactericides and the difficulties in accessing the xylem vessels where the pathogen grows and produces cell aggregates and biofilm. This review highlights the role of secondary metabolites in the defense of the main economic hosts of X. fastidiosa and identifies how knowledge about biosynthetic pathways could improve our understanding of disease resistance. In addition, current developments in non-invasive techniques and strategies of combining molecular and physiological techniques are examined, in an attempt to identify new metabolic engineering options for plant defense.

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Section: Profiling Change Of Metabolites In Economic Plants Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

et al. 2020

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“…Approximately 15 years ago, CVC was found in at least 90% of the orchards in Brazil (Lambais et al ., 2000). The incidence and severity of CVC are higher in the northern region than in the southern region of São Paulo (Ayres et al ., 2001; Gonçalves et al ., 2014). In 2011, more than 40% of the sampled plants in Brazil had CVC symptoms, approximately 5% more than in 2010, showing that the disease is still increasing (www.agriculture.gov.br/arq_editor/file/camaras_exterior).…”

Section: Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (Cvc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The diversity of citrus endophytic bacteria and their interactions with Xylella fastidiosa and host plants

2016

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The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and has been associated with important losses in commercial orchards of all sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)] cultivars. The development of this disease depends on the environmental conditions, including the endophytic microbial community associated with the host plant. Previous studies have shown that X. fastidiosa interacts with the endophytic community in xylem vessels as well as in the insect vector, resulting in a lower bacterial population and reduced CVC symptoms. The citrus endophytic bacterium Methylobacterium mesophilicum can trigger X. fastidiosa response in vitro, which results in reduced growth and induction of genes associated with energy production, stress, transport, and motility, indicating that X. fastidiosa has an adaptive response to M. mesophilicum. Although this response may result in reduced CVC symptoms, the colonization rate of the endophytic bacteria should be considered in studies that intend to use this endophyte to suppress CVC disease. Symbiotic control is a new strategy that uses symbiotic endophytes as biological control agents to antagonize or displace pathogens. Candidate endophytes for symbiotic control of CVC must occupy the xylem of host plants and attach to the precibarium of sharpshooter insects to access the pathogen. In the present review, we focus on interactions between endophytic bacteria from sweet orange plants and X. fastidiosa, especially those that may be candidates for control of CVC.

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“…Similar to the effect of PD on commercial grape production, CVC affects all major commercial sweet orange cultivars (Goncalves et al ., ). It is considered to be one of the most important diseases affecting the Brazilian citrus industry, which accounts for 30% of sweet orange production and 85% of exports of frozen orange juice concentrate worldwide (Goncalves et al ., ; Rodrigues et al ., ). Currently, 40% of citrus plants in Brazil are affected by CVC, and economic losses caused by the disease can reach $120 million annually (Goncalves et al ., ).…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylella fastidiosa: an examination of a re‐emerging plant pathogen

Rapicavoli

Ingel

Blanco‐Ulate

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

133

122

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Most X. fastidiosa-related diseases appear as marginal leaf necrosis and scorching of the leaves. In the case of PD, X. fastidiosa can also cause desiccation of berries (termed 'raisining'), irregular periderm development and abnormal abscission of petioles. In olive trees affected with OQDS, leaves exhibit marginal necrosis and defoliation, and overall tree decline occurs. Plants with ALS and OLS also exhibit the characteristic leaf scorch symptoms. Not all X. fastidiosa-related diseases exhibit the typical leaf scorch symptoms. These include CVC and Phony Peach disease, amongst others. In the case of CVC, symptoms include foliar wilt and interveinal chlorosis on the upper surfaces of the leaves (similar to zinc deficiency), which correspond to necrotic, gum-like regions on the undersides of the leaves. Additional symptoms of CVC include defoliation, dieback and hardening of fruits. Plants infected with Phony Peach disease exhibit a denser, more compact canopy (as a result of shortened internodes, darker green leaves and delayed leaf senescence), premature bloom and reduced fruit size. Some occlusions occur in the xylem vessels, but there are no foliar wilting, chlorosis or necrosis symptoms . USEFUL WEBSITES: http://www.piercesdisease.org/; https://pubmlst.org/xfastidiosa/; http://www.xylella.lncc.br/; https://nature.berkeley.edu/xylella/; https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/plant_health_biosecurity/legislation/emergency_measures/xylella-fastidiosa_en.

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The effect of irrigation on development of citrus variegated chlorosis symptoms

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

Secondary Metabolites in Xylella fastidiosa–Plant Interaction

The diversity of citrus endophytic bacteria and their interactions with Xylella fastidiosa and host plants

Xylella fastidiosa: an examination of a re‐emerging plant pathogen

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