The Effect of Irrigation Method, Water-soluble Fertilization, Replant Nutrient Charge, and Surface Evaporation on Early Vegetative and Root Growth of Poinsettia

Argo, William R.; Biernbaum, John A.

doi:10.21273/jashs.120.2.163

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Nitrate-N appeared to accumulate in the medium as a constant percentage of EC. Yelanich and Biernbaum (1994) showed similar trends in the root medium of top-watered poinsettias, as did Argo and Biernbaum (1995) for subirrigated poinsettias. Indeed, the accumulation of salts preferentially in the top layer of medium is…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The nutrient solution used was 1 ammonium : 1 nitrate, but nitrate was shown to accumulate in the medium, possibly indicating nitrification. The use of nitrate-N sources may not strictly a subirrigation phenomenon, but is also the case for topwatering (Argo and Biernbaum, 1995) and trickle irrigation (Molitor, 1990). There appears to be no subirrigation-specific salt accumulation threat to normal plant growth as long as quality irrigation water and reduced fertilizer levels are used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Nutrition of New Guinea Impatiens `Barbados' and Spathiphyllum `Petite' in a Subirrigation System

Kent¹,

Reed²

1996

jashs

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into 10-cm-wide × 7-cm-tall (370-mL) azalea pots on 12 Dec. 1993. A total of 176 plants was used (22 plants/treatment). Soilless medium was the peat-perlite mix Sunshine no. 2 (Fison's Inc., Vancouver, B.C., Canada) with Micromax trace element mix (Grace-Sierra, Milpitas, Calif.) at the recommended rate of 1.059 kg·m -3 . Sunshine mix no. 2 was chosen because it is adjusted for pH but contains no preplant nutrient charge. Newly transplanted plants were top watered with reverse osmosis (RO)-purified water until initial subirrigation (4 d). Experiments were conducted in a glasshouse with an average noontime light intensity of 609 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 and average temperature of 26/17 °C day/night during the experimental period. Subirrigation began on 16 Dec. and was terminated on 3 Mar. 1994 (day 77). Eight 100 × 110-cm subirrigation trays (Midwest Growmaster, St. Charles, Ill.) were supplied with irrigation solution through a drain valve by a 1/200 HP pump (Little Giant no. 1AA; Oklahoma City, Okla.) under manual control. Trays were arranged on two benches in groups of four. Tensiometers (model M; Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.) were placed into one pot (with plant) for each treatment. These plants were not considered for experimental results. In an initial calibration period of 1 week, plants were subirrigated when the surface of the medium began to dry, and tensiometer readings were noted. Subsequently, subirrigation was applied to individual treatments when tensiometer readings exceeded 25 kPa. Trays were flooded to a depth of 2 cm. Trays required 2 to 3 min to fill and 2 to 3 min to drain and were held flooded for a maximum of 10 min at each watering, or until the tensiometer reading returned to 0 kPa and the surface of the medium rewetted.Irrigation solutions were pH 6.3 and designed to give a final concentration of 1.5 mM P and 2.0 mM K, with one of the following concentrations of N: 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, or 30 mM. Solutions consisted of 0.39 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 1.10 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 0.05 mM K 2 SO 4 , and 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mM NH 4 NO 3 in RO-purified water. Samples of individual subirrigation solutions were taken at each watering for analysis of pH, EC, NH 4 , and NO 3 . When the liquid level in the reservoirs was too low to be pumped, the solutions were replenished. Samples of the subirrigation solutions were analyzed within 1 d (pH, EC) or held at -20 °C (NH 4 , NO 3 ). EC was measured with either a model 44600 conductivity/TDS meter Additional index words. ebb and flow irrigation, flood and drain irrigation, Impatiens ×hawkeri, peace lily, subsurface irrigation, water management, zero runoff Abstract. Greenhouse cultural methods must minimize runoff to keep pace with environmental regulation aimed at protecting water resources. Two experiments were designed to investigate the effect of N fertilization rate on New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens ×hawkeri) and peace lily (Spathiphyllum Schott) in an ebb-and-flow subirrigation system. Maximum growth response for impatiens was centered around 8 mM N levels a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Nutrition of New Guinea Impatiens `Barbados' and Spathiphyllum `Petite' in a Subirrigation System

Kent¹,

Reed²

1996

jashs

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“…Substrates with high water retention capacity require less irrigation frequency [18]. The higher water retention capacity observed in the substrate of subirrigated plants would explain their lower irrigation frequency required (every 2-3 days) compared to drip-irrigated plants (every day) (data not shown).…”

Section: Substrate Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Subirrigation of Container-Grown Tomato II: Physical and Chemical Properties of the Growing Medium

García-Santiago

Valdéz-Aguilar

Cartmill

et al. 2019

Water

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Subirrigation of containerized vegetable crops is a promising strategy to increase water and nutrient use efficiency, however, the longer growing seasons for cultivation of vegetable species may cause marked changes in the physical and chemical substrate properties. This study determined the effects of the irrigation system, subirrigation vs. drip-irrigation, and the concentration of the nutrient solution on the substrate physical and chemical properties in containerized tomato plants. Plants were irrigated with solutions at concentrations of −0.072, −0.058 and −0.043 MPa. Root dry weight of subirrigated plants was decreased by 35% in the substrate top layer when the highest concentration was used. Substrate electrical conductivity increased while pH was acidified as solution concentration increased and from the bottom to the top substrate layers in subirrigated plants. Salts buildup was associated with increased concentration of oxalic and tartaric acids and pH acidification. The improved substrate physical and chemical properties in subirrigated plants were associated with higher fruit yield (11.0 kg per plant) provided nutrient solution concentration was reduced to −0.043 MPa; in contrast, the highest yield in drip-irrigated plants (10.1 kg per plant) was obtained when the solution concentration was −0.072 MPa. In conclusion, subirrigation with reuse of the nutrient solution is a promising strategy to reduce water waste through runoff and leaching as water use efficiency increases due to greater water retention properties in the substrate, the maintenance of an EC within a range the plants can tolerate, and a lower acidification of substrate pH.2 of 13 60% [1]. In a previous paper, we are reporting that 1 L of water was required to produce 300 to 460 g of fruit, compared to 50 g in drip-irrigated plants, demonstrating that subirrigation increases water use efficiency by 6× to 9× [1].The movement of nutrients and water within growing media, and the subsequent chemical and physical properties, is dependent on the type of irrigation system used [2][3][4][5]. In surface irrigation, gravitational forces move water and nutrients downwards from the top of the container [6], affecting air and water retention capacities [2] and resulting in salt buildup in the lower portion of the growing media profile [6]. In contrast, subirrigation systems are based on the upward movement of water (capillary action) from the lower portion of the growing medium profile to the top of the container [6,7], thereby allowing a more uniform distribution of the nutrient solution throughout the substrate profile. The capillary movement of the nutrient solution in subirrigated containerized-plants reduces compaction of the growing media when compared to surface irrigation systems [8][9][10]. However, subirrigation causes a stratification of salts, which accumulate predominantly in the upper portion of the medium profile/layer [3,4]. Salt buildup in the upper layer of the medium negatively affects root and shoot growth, quality, and yield, espe...

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“…The fertilizer solution is absorbed by the growing medium through holes in the bottom of the pots and the water moves upward through the growing medium because of evaporation from the growing medium surface. This causes fertilizer salts to accumulate at the surface of the growing medium (Argo and Biernbaum 1996), where they are less available to the plants (Argo and Biernbaum 1995). It seems likely that imidacloprid movement and availability to the plant would be affected similarly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Technique and Irrigation Method Affect Imidacloprid Control of Silverleaf Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Poinsettias

Iersel¹,

Oetting²,

Hall³

et al. 2001

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Subirrigation systems are increasingly used to water and fertilize greenhouse crops. They also appear to be well suited for the application of systemic pesticides. We conducted two studies to look at interactive effects ofimidacloprid application technique and irrigation method on plant uptake of imidacloprid and whitefly control. Drench applications of imidacloprid resulted in much higher concentrations in the leaves than applications to the bottom of pots after 14 d. However, imidacloprid efficacy in subirrigated plants was better if the imidacloprid was applied to the bottom of the pot than when an equal amount was applied as a drench. In drip-irrigated plants, imidacloprid efficacy was greater after a drench than after an application to the bottom of the pots. A second study showed that drench applications to drip-irrigated plants result in high imidacloprid concentrations in the bottom of the canopy, whereas bottom applications to subirrigated plants result in a more even distribution of imidacloprid throughout the plant. Surprisingly, the high leaf imidacloprid concentrations in the bottom layer of drip-irrigated plants did not result in improved whitefly control. Imidacloprid efficacy was better in subirrigated, bottom-treated plants than in drip-irrigated, drenched plants. Overall, results from these studies indicate that imidacloprid is very effective when applied to the bottom of subirrigated pots.

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The Effect of Irrigation Method, Water-soluble Fertilization, Replant Nutrient Charge, and Surface Evaporation on Early Vegetative and Root Growth of Poinsettia

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Nitrogen Nutrition of New Guinea Impatiens `Barbados' and Spathiphyllum `Petite' in a Subirrigation System

Nitrogen Nutrition of New Guinea Impatiens `Barbados' and Spathiphyllum `Petite' in a Subirrigation System

Subirrigation of Container-Grown Tomato II: Physical and Chemical Properties of the Growing Medium

Application Technique and Irrigation Method Affect Imidacloprid Control of Silverleaf Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Poinsettias

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