The Effect of Ionizing Radiations on Connective Tissue

Late Radiation Injury of the Small Intestine Clinical, pathophysiologic and radiobiologic aspects: A review

“…Increased amounts of connective tissue have been observed in most organs after exposure to excessive doses of radiation (135,136). In spite of the fact that numerous studies have been performed, the cause of postirradiation fibrosis has not yet been determined.…”

“…In spite of the fact that numerous studies have been performed, the cause of postirradiation fibrosis has not yet been determined. This is reflected by the number and diversity of mechanisms which have been suggested: 1) A direct effect of radiation on collagen or other constituents of the extracellular matrix, 2) injury of cells involved in production and/or degradation of collagen, 3) a phenomenon secondary to parenchymal, vascular, or lymphatic damage, and 4) a result of non-specific inflammatory or autoimmune processes ( 135,136).…”

Valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis in patients with head and neck cancer postradiotherapy: A systematic review

“…One common toxicity that occurs after treatment for head and neck cancer is fibrosis . Fibrosis is defined as an overaccumulation of fibrous tissue within the epithelium, muscle, and subcutaneous tissues after a single or repetitive injury . Surgical excision and reconstruction for head and neck cancer is considered a singular traumatic event that can lead to fibrosis in or around the incision, anastomosis, or area of tissue deficit .…”