The effect of ionic strength of plant water on valuable mineral and gangue recovery in a platinum bearing ore from the Merensky reef

Corin, K.C.; Reddy, Ananda Kumar N; Miyen, L.; Wiese, J.G.; Harris, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2010.10.015

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the effects of each cation at different concentrations were not examined. Copper flotation recoveries using distilled water and seawater were found to be similar in lab-scale studies by Aral et al [30] and Corin et al [21], but deteriorated at greater ionic strengths. Jeldres et al [29] studied the impact of seawater ions on the flotation of copper-molybdenum sulfides.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The presence of salt ions in the flotation slurry increases the complexity of pulp aqueous environment by affecting the structure of the water surrounding mineral particles [11][12][13][14], particle surface properties [15][16][17], and bubble properties [18][19][20][21]-all of which influence the mineral-bubble interaction and flotation efficiency [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of inorganic salts leads to more complex bubble coalescence, as inorganic ions-similar to frothers-can stabilize foams against coalescence and reduce bubble size [19,25]. The effects of salts on both floatability and frothability have been examined for copper ores [3,19,21,22,[26][27][28][29][30]. However, the effects of frothing characteristics of specific chloride salts on chalcopyrite flotation remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Common Monovalent and Divalent Chlorides on Chalcopyrite Flotation

Xiao

et al. 2017

Minerals

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Much attention has been paid to the flotation of chalcopyrite using saline seawater. However, the influence of salt ions on mineral flotation is complex, and different salts may play various roles-either beneficial or detrimental. This study investigated the effects of common chlorides (Cl − ) of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ in seawater on chalcopyrite floatability. The presence of Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ resulted in greater chalcopyrite recovery, with this effect being more pronounced for the monovalent cations. In contrast, the addition of Mg 2+ resulted in decreased chalcopyrite flotation efficiency. Contact angle measurements showed that the presence of monovalent cations increased the hydrophobicity of the chalcopyrite surface, while the presence of divalent cations reduced its hydrophobicity, depending on the concentration. Zeta potential, pulp species, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) cross-confirmed the precipitation of Mg(OH) 2 on the chalcopyrite surface when Mg concentration was 10 −2 M and pulp pH was 10.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Common Monovalent and Divalent Chlorides on Chalcopyrite Flotation

Xiao

et al. 2017

Minerals

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“…One of the crucial issues is how to maintain the recovery and grade of valuable minerals as well as minimize the dosage of flotation reagents [3]. In the flotation process, the presence of salt ions can increase the complexity of flotation pulp environment by changing pulp water structure, mineral particle properties (e.g., hydration and electrical double layer) and bubble properties (e.g., bubble coalescence and froth stability), which in turn influencing the mineral-bubble attachment and flotation efficiency [2,[11][12][13]. For instance, some monovalent salts (i.e., NaCl and KCl) were found to enhance mineral flotability by compressing electrical double layers, reducing the energy bar for particle-bubble attachment and even changing bubble stability [14][15][16].…”

Section: Concentrator Location Processing Content Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Xiao

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Sea water has been used in flotation plants, showing a promising way to save fresh water usage. Previous studies indicated that divalent salts in sea water played negative roles in chalcopyrite flotation, but not much work have been conducted to understand the eliminating mechanisms. This study systematically investigated the effects of divalent cations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on natural flotability of chalcopyrite in the absence of collectors and frothers. The reduced recovery was mainly due to the adsorption of Mg and Ca hydroxyl complexes and precipitation on chalcopyrite surfaces, giving rise to a less hydrophobic surface. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), however, significantly improved chalcopyrite recovery. Species calculation, contact angle, zeta potential, FTIR and XPS analyses were conducted to understand the influencing mechanisms of divalent ions and the beneficial effects of SHMP on chalcopyrite recovery. The primary mechanism was that SHMP prevented the adsorption of positively charged Mg and Ca compounds or precipitation with hydrophilic properties such as Mg(OH) 2 on chalcopyrite surfaces, confirmed by the Derjguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Secondly, SHMP reacted with Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ to form dissolvable complexes, thereby declining the formation of insoluble Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ compounds or precipitation.

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“…chalcopyrite recovery is reported not to be affected by depressants while pentlandite is affected only at high dosages (Wiese and Harris, 2007). According to Corin and Reddy (2011), who used nickel and copper as indicators of the response of PGE-bearing minerals, only a high depressant dosage of 500 g/t had an influence on maximum recovery. However, in this work depressant concentration had no effect on recovery, suggesting that the depressant at the investigated dosages (up to 580 g/t) did not suppress PGMs significantly and that the gangue material was mainly suppressed (McFadzean and Pani, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of frother and depressant interaction on flotation of Great Dyke PGM ore

Mberi

Mguni

Ntuli

2018

J. South. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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Platinum group metals (PGMs) in Zimbabwe are mined along a 550 km long geological feature known as the Great Dyke. The major PGM mining and concentrator operators are Zimplats, Mimosa, and Unki mine. The platinum group element (PGE), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) mineralization is restricted to the Main Sulphide Zone (MSZ) (Oberthur, Muller, and Lodziak, 1999). The Great Dyke is divided into two magma chambers: the North and South chambers. The magma chambers are further divided into the Musengezi and Hartley complexes, and these are divided into the Dwarendale and Sebakwe sub-chambers and Selukwe and Wedza complexes, respectively (Prendergast, 1988). The Great Dyke is generally said to be comprised of a lower ultramafic sequence (chromite, dunites, pyroxenites, and related cumulates) and an upper mafic sequence consisting of plagioclase-rich rocks (mainly gabbros, norites, gabbronorites, and olivine gabbros) (Prendergast, 1990).The primary collector used in ore flotation is xanthate. A depressant is added to suppress naturally floating gangue minerals. Optimization of reagents has been traditionally performed by varying one while keeping the others fixed. This method ignores interaction effects among reagents. Changes in reagent dosage to achieve a particular outcome may have secondary effects that override the desired effect, hence interactions have to be well understood if optimization is to be achieved. Little work has been reported on the flotation performance of Great Dyke ore. Nashwa (2008) reported on the effect on SIBIX and SIBIX-TTCs blends, but most of the work that has been reported is based on Bushveld Complex ore. Interaction effects between aeration rate and froth have been reported by Venkatesan and Harris (2014). The work showed that interaction effects were significant at conditions of high air flow rate (40 m/s ) and cell level (max. 95 % cell level). In other work based on UG2 ore, McFadzean and Pani (2015) reported on interactive effects between depressant, frother, froth height, and superficial air velocity. They reported that among the process parameters, superficial air velocity had the dominant effect on chromite and PGM recovery, while depressant had a dominant effect only on chromite grade.In this research, the interactive effects of depressant and frother were investigated while collector dosage was held constant. A twofactor analysis with six levels was done so as to observe the individual and interactive effects of frother and depressant on 4E (platinum, palladium rhodium, plus gold) recovery, grade, mass pull, and water recovery using PGM-bearing ore from the Great Dyke.Effect of frother and depressant interaction on flotation of Great Dyke PGM ore by T. Mberi*, L.L. Mguni*, and F. Ntuli † In the optimization of platinum group metal flotation plants, various parameters are considered in order to achieve the desired recovery and grade of the precious metals. There should be a balance in the operating parameters so as to produce a high-grade valuable mineral concentrate without compro...

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The effect of ionic strength of plant water on valuable mineral and gangue recovery in a platinum bearing ore from the Merensky reef

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

The Influence of Common Monovalent and Divalent Chlorides on Chalcopyrite Flotation

The Influence of Common Monovalent and Divalent Chlorides on Chalcopyrite Flotation

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Effect of frother and depressant interaction on flotation of Great Dyke PGM ore

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