The effect of iodide on serum thyroid hormone levels in normal persons, in hyperthyroid patients, and in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine replacement*

Philippou, George; Koutras, D. A.; Piperingos, G. D.; Souvatzoglou, A.; Moulopoulos, Spyridon D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02267.x

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many studies showed that high iodine intake can induce hypothyroidism by several mechanisms; thyroid indices, though, remain well within the normal range [9][10][11][12]. One mechanism is that high iodine intake can induce autoimmune thyroid disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation Between Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Subjects with Normal Thyroid Function

Hwang

Lee

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Excessive iodine intake is known to induce hypothyroidism in people who have underlying thyroid disorders. However, few studies have been performed on subjects with normal thyroid function without a history of autoimmune thyroid disease. We hypothesized that high iodine intake may cause a subtle change in thyroid function even in subjects with normal thyroid function. We analyzed 337 subjects (64 men and 273 women; mean age, 49 years) who showed normal levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) by measuring the urinary iodine excretion, free T4 (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The results showed urinary iodine excretion had negative correlation with FT4 (γ = -0.11, p = 0.043) and showed a positive trend with TSH (γ = 0.10, p = 0.068). We found that 61.7% of subjects had circulating TPO-Ab within normal reference range. In all subjects, TPO-Ab levels were negatively correlated with FT4 (γ = -0.17, p = 0.002) and positively with TSH (γ = 0.13, p = 0.021). In conclusion, high iodine intake can negatively affect thyroid hormone levels in subjects with normal thyroid function. Population-based study will be helpful for further clarification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Correlation Between Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Subjects with Normal Thyroid Function

Hwang

Lee

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Previous reports demonstrated that thyroid functions were suppressed in normal subjects following administration of drugs containing various amounts of iodine as follows: 0.25-1.5 mg as Na I [11], 0.42-3.8 mg as NaI [12], 12.5 mg as Lugol's solution [13], 27 mg as licorice lecithin-bound iodine [4], 114.8 mg as KI [14] per day. In the present study, 35 or 70 mg of iodine as 15 or 30 g of seaweed Kombu were administered daily, and the daily excretion of urinary iodine as iodide which is known to be the most valid index of absorbed iodine was estimated to be about 20 or 50 mg (57-71% of the iodine administered as Kombu).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Thyroid Function during Ingestion of Seaweed "Kombu" (Laminaria japonoca) in Normal Japanese Adults

Miyai

Tokushige

Kondo³

2008

Endocr J

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Abstract. The effect of ingesting seaweed "Kombu" (Laminaria japonica) on thyroid function was studied in normal Japanese adults. Ingesting 15 and 30 g of Kombu (iodine contents: 35 and 70 mg) daily for a short term (7-10 days) significantly increased serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations, exceeding the normal limits in some subjects. The serum free thyroxine (FT 4 ) and/or free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) concentrations were slightly decreased within the normal limits. During long term daily ingestion of 15 g of Kombu (55-87 days), the TSH levels were elevated and sustained while the FT 4 and FT 3 levels were almost unchanged. Urinary excretion of iodine significantly increased during ingestion of Kombu. These abnormal values returned to the initial levels 7 to 40 days after discontinuing the ingestion of Kombu. Based on these findings that thyroid function was suppressed during ingestion of Kombu, though the effect was reversible, we recommend Japanese people avoid ingesting excessive amounts of seaweed.

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“…In supra-physiological doses, Lugol's iodine inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis via the Wolff-Chaikov effect, and the release of preformed hormones 3,15 . The anti-thyroid effects are seen within the first 24 hours and maximally at 10 days of therapy 15,19 . Iodine has also been reported to reduce vascularity and friability of the thyroid gland, thereby possibly lowering surgical bleeding risk 19,20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anti-thyroid effects are seen within the first 24 hours and maximally at 10 days of therapy 15,19 . Iodine has also been reported to reduce vascularity and friability of the thyroid gland, thereby possibly lowering surgical bleeding risk 19,20 . Oral iodinated radiographic contrast agents such as ipodate and iopanoic acid can also be used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-blockers and the thyrotoxic patient for thyroid and non-thyroid surgery: A clinical review

Tay¹,

Khoo²,

Tancharoen³

et al. 2013

OA Anaesthetics

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IntroductionThyrotoxic patients presenting for surgery should ideally be biochemically and clinically euthyroid. This is conventionally achieved through the use of anti-thyroid drugs, beta-blocker therapy and iodine. However, there are some circumstances where antithyroid drugs may not be a viable option. The implications of this scenario are not widely reported in the literature. This clinical review looks at the evidence on the safety of beta-blocker therapy without the use of antithyroid drugs in the preparation of the thyrotoxic patient for surgery. We also highlight key points in the pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis and the management goals of these patients. ConclusionIn circumstances where the use of anti-thyroid drugs is not possible in the preoperative management of patients for thyroid or non-thyroid surgery, the use of beta-blockers has been shown to be safe and effective. Safety can be increased by using iodine with or without corticosteroids up to the day of surgery in the rapid preoperative preparation of a severely thyrotoxic patient.

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The effect of iodide on serum thyroid hormone levels in normal persons, in hyperthyroid patients, and in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine replacement*

Abstract: Iodides in hyperthyroidism have a variable and unpredictable intensity and duration of antithyroid effect. Their antithyroid effect is smaller in normal controls. They have no important effect on the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones.

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Correlation Between Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Subjects with Normal Thyroid Function

Correlation Between Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Subjects with Normal Thyroid Function

Suppression of Thyroid Function during Ingestion of Seaweed "Kombu" (Laminaria japonoca) in Normal Japanese Adults

Beta-blockers and the thyrotoxic patient for thyroid and non-thyroid surgery: A clinical review

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