The Effect of Intravenously Injected Reserpine on Blood Pressure, Renal Function and Sodium Excretion

Krogsgaard, Arne R.

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1956.tb14298.x

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The identification of an agent as a direct or indirect sympathomimetic (or monoaminomimetic) is not as easy as it might seem. Ephedrine, long thought of as an indirect sympathomimetic, with debate going back more than 50 years as to its indirect ( Fleckenstein and Burn, 1953 ) or direct ( Krogsgaard, 1956 ) modes of action, has recently been definitively shown to be mainly a direct sympathominmetic using a DA‐β‐hydroxylase‐knockout mouse model ( Docherty, 2007 ; Liles et al ., 2007 ). Agents specifically targeting one type of adrenoceptor, for example, α‐adrenoceptors, are less likely to be indirect sympathomimetics, whereas agents with actions on both subtypes are more likely to be indirect sympathomimetics (that is, if an agent releases NA, the released NA should act on both α and β‐adrenoceptors).…”

Section: Monoaminomimetic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)

Docherty

2008

British J Pharmacology

105

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This review examines the pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Stimulants that increase alertness/reduce fatigue or activate the cardiovascular system can include drugs like ephedrine available in many overthe-counter medicines. Others such as amphetamines, cocaine and hallucinogenic drugs, available on prescription or illegally, can modify mood. A total of 62 stimulants (61 chemical entities) are listed in the WADA List, prohibited in competition. Athletes may have stimulants in their body for one of three main reasons: inadvertent consumption in a propriety medicine; deliberate consumption for misuse as a recreational drug and deliberate consumption to enhance performance. The majority of stimulants on the list act on the monoaminergic systems: adrenergic (sympathetic, transmitter noradrenaline), dopaminergic (transmitter dopamine) and serotonergic (transmitter serotonin, 5-HT). Sympathomimetic describes agents, which mimic sympathetic responses, and dopaminomimetic and serotoninomimetic can be used to describe actions on the dopamine and serotonin systems. However, many agents act to mimic more than one of these monoamines, so that a collective term of monoaminomimetic may be useful. Monoaminomimietic actions of stimulants can include blockade of re-uptake of neurotransmitter, indirect release of neurotransmitter, direct activation of monoaminergic receptors. Many of the stimulants are amphetamines or amphetamine derivatives, including agents with abuse potential as recreational drugs. A number of agents are metabolized to amphetamine or metamphetamine. In addition to the monoaminomimetic agents, a small number of agents with different modes of action are on the list. A number of commonly used stimulants are not considered as Prohibited Substances.

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Section: Monoaminomimetic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)

Docherty

2008

British J Pharmacology

105

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“…This may not be the first paper to use KO technology in such a way, but is a clear example of the genre. Ephedrine has long been thought of as an indirect sympathomimetic, although debate about its indirect ( Fleckenstein and Burn, 1953 ) or direct ( Krogsgaard, 1956 ) modes of action goes back over 50 years. Ephedrine is a potent substrate for the noradrenaline transporter ( Rothman et al ., 2003 ), so that there are cogent reasons for predicting indirect actions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of knockout technology to resolve pharmacological problems

Docherty

2007

British J Pharmacology

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Knock-out (KO) mouse technology has given pharmacologists a powerful tool to study function in the absence of selective antagonists or inhibitors. Such KO technology can confirm predicted function, serendipitously reveal unrecognized function, or help define the mode of action of a drug. In this issue, Liles et al. demonstrate, employing mice unable to synthesize noradrenaline due to the KO of the dopamine-b-hydroxylase gene, that the sympathomimetic actions of ephedrine are directly, rather than indirectly, mediated. This may end 50 years of debate about the actions of ephedrine.

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Physiology of the kidney

Wesson¹

1965

Handbuch Der Urologie / Encyclopedia of Urology / Encyclopédie D’urologie

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The Effect of Intravenously Injected Reserpine on Blood Pressure, Renal Function and Sodium Excretion

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)

Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)

Use of knockout technology to resolve pharmacological problems

Physiology of the kidney

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