The Effect of Intravenous Infusion Time on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Same Total Dose of Azosemide in Rabbits

Effect of intravenous infusion time on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the same total dose of torasemide in rabbits

“…For example, the mean total 8 h urine output in treatments II and III was 127% and 244%, respectively, larger than that in treatment I (Table 1). Similar results have also been reported with other loop diuretics; the urine output was significantly greater with increasing infusion time when the same dose of furosemide was infused for 10 s, 30 min, 2 h, and 8 h to dogs [7], bumetanide for 10 s, 1 h, and 4 h to rabbits [8], and azosemide for 1 min and 4 h to rabbits [9]. The mean 8 h urinary excretion of sodium and chloride was significantly greater in treatments II and III (they were not significantly different between treatments II and III) than that in treatment I (Table 1 and Figure 2).…”

“…Note that all the pharmacokinetic parameters of torasemide listed in Table 1, such as AUC, MRT, Cl, Cl r , Cl nr , V ss and A e 028 h , were independent of infusion time. However, different results have been reported with other loop diuretics, such as furosemide [7], bumetanide [8] and azosemide [9]. For example, the values of MRT, V ss , and/or Cl of the loop diuretics were dependent on infusion time [7][8][9].…”

“…The kaluretic efficiencies were not significantly different among the three treatments even though the 8 h urinary excretion of Copyright potassium was significantly greater in treatment III than that in treatment I (Table 1) probably due to great intersubject variation. Infusion timeindependent urinary excretion of potassium and kaluretic efficiencies have been reported with furosemide when administered to humans [31], dogs [7] and rats [32,33] and bumetanide [8] and azosemide [9] to rabbits. This might be due to the constant rate of potassium secretion in the distal tubule [34].…”

Effects of the rate and composition of fluid replacement on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous torasemide

“…This clearly illustrates the importance of the composition of the fluid used for replacement. Similar results have been reported with furosemide , bumetanide (Yoon et al 1995) and azosemide (Park et al 1997b). Second, both treatments 1 and 4 received no sodium replacement and there was no significant difference in the A e 0±8 h of torasemide (Table 1).…”

“…This indicates that water replacement (the rate of fluid replacement from zero to 100%) per se may have significant effects on diuresis, natriuresis and chloruresis, even though sodium intake is zero or perhaps minimal. Different results have been reported with furosemide , bumetanide (Yoon et al 1995) and azosemide (Park et al 1997b). If the present study in rabbits can be directly extrapolated to patients receiving zero-order input of torasemide, then more negative sodium and chloride balance can both be achieved as long as the patients receive the same amount of water that is lost from the body.…”