The effect of interleukin-8 in the early stage after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with remnant preservation

Abstract

Purpose: We studied the effect of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as the factor for angiogenesis in the joint fluid of remnantpreserved anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (RP-ACLR). Materials and methods: We measured 12 cytokines in joint fluid by multiplex assay and assessed the relationship between IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. The signal intensity and mean sagittal diameter via postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were evaluated and the stress X-ray image was analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation. Results: The IL-8 concentration was highest 3 months postoperatively in those patients who underwent RP-ACLR. Clinical data also showed that the signal intensity and stress radiography of the knee graft were significantly better at the early postoperative stage. Discussion: Our results show that IL-8 plays an important role in angiogenesis within 3 months after RP-ACLR. This effect yields better recovery after operation. RP-ACLR patients with high knee stability in clinical data were identical to those with high expression of IL-8 in experimental data. Therefore, IL-8 has been shown to help revascularization and ligamentization of the grafted tendon. These results indicate that IL-8 in RP-ACLR is an important factor for angiogenesis after operation. Unfortunately, the relationship of IL-8 and VEGF in vivo has not been studied. Conclusion: Our results showed that the IL-8 concentration was very high within 3 months after RP-ACLR operation. The increase in concentration of IL-8 over time was consistent with the increase in VEGF concentration. In the IL-8 clinical setting, MRI analysis showed that ACL synovialization and tension were better in patients who underwent the remnant preservation method. In addition, it was shown that RP-ACLR may be advantageous for early anterior stability within 1 year post operation and beneficial for tendon graft in the early stage post operation. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-8 may contribute to angiogenesis which is helpful for revascularization and ligamentization of the graft tendon in the early stages of RP-ACLR.

Treatment of Equine Tarsus Long Medial Collateral Ligament Desmitis with Allogenic Synovial Membrane Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Enhanced by Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium: Proof of Concept

“…Interleukin-8 is also a recognized pro-inflammatory mediator and a potent angiogenic factor associated with the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration. Interleukin-8 was directly related to VEGF stimulation, helping in the revascularization and ligamentization of a grafted tendon [56]. Interleukin-8 has a similar effect to IL-6 but has a longer half-life [57].…”

Treatment of Equine Tarsus Long Medial Collateral Ligament Desmitis with Allogenic Synovial Membrane Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Enhanced by Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium: Proof of Concept

“…Interleukin-8 is also a recognized pro-inflammatory mediator and a potent angiogenic factor associated with increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration. Interleukin-8 was directly related to VEGF stimulation helping revascularization and ligamentization of a grafted tendon [69]. Interleukin-8 has a similar effect to IL-6 but has a longer half-life [70].…”

“…Complementary diagnostic exams included radiographs and ultrasound images, as reported in other studies [59,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Finishing stationary cycling too early after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is likely to lead to higher failure

“…It is notable that very small area, approximately 1%, of ACL consists of proprioceptors and some of them contribute to the position sense of the knee joint [ 17 – 19 ]. Accordingly, the clinical utility of the injured ACL in ACLR has shown better results [ 20 – 22 ]. More importantly, the findings that a more extensive bone bruise prevails as a secondary damage [ 23 ], due to the hypothesized primary injury [ 5 ], also could imply further compression or “double crush” proprioceptive neuronal damage [ 5 ].…”