The effect of interfacial mass transfer on steady-state water radiolysis

Corrosion of carbon steel in the [P 14666 ][Br] ionic liquid: The effects of γ-radiation and cover gas

“…Due to faster oxidation by H2O2, and the low iron solubility in the IL phase, the oxidation of Fe on a coupon surface progresses quickly to the formation of a uniform layer of amorphous magnetite over the cementite sites as well as the -ferrite sites. It has been observed that corrosion of carbon steel in aerated aqueous solutions produces grainy oxides on the surface, whereas corrosion in deaerated aqueous solutions at high temperatures and high pHs, where the rate of oxide formation is high while the iron solubilities are low, produces a smooth amorphous Fe3O4 layer [8,37,39]. In the presence of -radiation a smooth amorphous Fe3O4 layer is formed even at low temperatures, possibly via earlier formation of a mixed Fe II and Fe III hydroxide gel layer [8,38,40].…”

Effect of gamma irradiation on gas-ionic liquid and water-ionic liquid interfacial stability

“…The removal rates of individual species eventually match their radiolytic production rates, allowing the irradiated system to reach steady-state [28][29][30]. Since most of the primary radiolytic products are very chemically reactive, a pseudo-steady state is reached over relatively short time scales.…”

“…When slower subsequent reactions are also possible, an irradiated system reaches a pseudo-steady state rapidly, and as the slow reactions become important, the system slowly changes over time to reach a true steady state, if the irradiation persists. Thus, the steady-state or pseudo-steady-state concentrations are the key parameters that determine the effect of long-term irradiation on slow processes such as solid-liquid interfacial reactions, mass transfer, and corrosion [28][29][30]. Raman Shift (cm -1 ) Fig.…”

“…In the systems that we studied, the radiation chemistry of the gas phase was negligible. The gaseous products in the headspace would arise as the result of the liquid-to-gas-phase transfer of volatile species [30]. Indeed, the small amounts of gaseous products observed in the headspace were the volatile organic compounds that would be expected to arise from the radiolytic fragmentation of the ILs (Table 1).…”

Combined effect of gamma-radiation and pH on corrosion of Ni–Cr–Fe alloy inconel 600

“…(The increase in temperature in the metal phase induced by the energy absorption is very small, on the order of a few degrees [13].) However, bulk phase water is able to absorb energy effectively and this energy is used to break water molecules into redox active species, ranging from highly oxidizing ( • OH, H 2 O 2 , O 2 ) to highly reducing ( • e aq − , • O 2 − ) [1,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The radiolytic production of these species will affect the driving force for electrochemical corrosion and the rate of corrosion [1,[20][21][22][23][24].…”