The effect of intensified illuminance and artificial light at night on fitness and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stressors

May, Dyllan; Shidemantle, Grascen; Melnick-Kelley, Quentin; Crane, Kelly; Hua, Jessica

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.016

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Observed or potential effects of ALAN on the physiology and behavior of amphibians have been reported (Buchanan 2006;Wise and Buchanan 2006;Perry et al 2008) but they have rarely been linked. Three recent studies addressed this issue and focused on the larval stage (Dananay and Benard 2018;May et al 2019;Forsburg et al 2021). Investigating the adult stage in amphibians is important too as its vital rates contributes more to population growth in some species (Biek et al 2002;Schmidt et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night alters activity, body mass, and corticosterone level in a tropical anuran

et al. 2021

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Photoperiod is a major factor regulating biological rhythms in animals and plants. At low latitudes, annual variation in daylength is low and species are expected to strongly rely on photic cues to reset their circadian clocks. A corollary is that individuals should be strongly affected by sudden changes in the photic regime as those generated by artificial light at night (ALAN). We tested this hypothesis in an anuran in Costa Rica (10°N). Using an outdoor experimental design, we exposed adult cane toads Rhinella marina, a broadly distributed tropical anuran species to two ALAN intensities (0.04 and 5 lx). Locomotor activity was reduced at the lowest intensity, and the activity pattern shifted from crepuscular to nocturnal. Contrary to humans and mice in which ALAN favor obesity, toads from the two exposed groups did not gain mass whereas controls did. Corticosterone was reduced at the highest intensity, a possible consequence of the reduced activity of toads or the altered regulation of their circadian pattern. Thus, the behavioral and physiological disruption that we observed supports the hypothesis of the strong reliance on photic cues to regulate circadian rhythms and control homeostasis in this intertropical anuran. Furthermore, our results suggest that the negative effects of ALAN on physiology, in particular body mass regulation, may differ between vertebrate groups, thus preventing anticipated generalization before more comparative studies have been carried out. We stress the importance of considering the impact of the changing nocturnal environment in the intertropical zone which host the largest fraction of biodiversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night alters activity, body mass, and corticosterone level in a tropical anuran

et al. 2021

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“…Since the population‐ and community‐level effects of artificial light remain relatively understudied (Owens and Lewis 2018), at the individual level, it has been well established that artificial light interrupts a variety of physiological processes (e.g., circadian activity patterns and immune functions; Navara and Nelson 2007; Bedrosian et al 2011; Ouyang et al 2018), which alter life history and behavioral adjustments (for a review, see Longcore and Rich 2004; Gaston et al 2013, Ouyang et al 2018). Moreover, several recent studies determined the effect of artificial light on the fitness of individuals of different animals, including field crickets (Jones et al 2015; Durrant et al 2018), wood frogs (May et al 2019), common toads (Touzot et al 2020), common clownfish (Fobert et al 2019), and two species of songbirds (de Jong et al 2015). However, the literature does not provide any example of a study that would indicate that the presence of artificial light also affects the fitness of planktonic animals, including Daphnia spp., a keystone genus in freshwater lentic habitats, which is a model organism in studying effects of various environmental factors on the fitness of an individual (Ogonowski et al 2016; Maszczyk et al 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Daphnia depth selection in gradients of light intensity from different artificial sources: An evolutionary trap?

Maszczyk

Tałanda

Babkiewicz

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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It is well known that artificial light at night alters the natural patterns of light in space and time, which interrupts a variety of physiological processes of individuals, altering their life history and behavioral adjustments. However, much less is known about the effect of artificial light at night on their fitness. We tested the hypothesis that planktonic animals, such as Daphnia spp., are able to correctly assess light intensity‐ and spectrum‐dependent‐mortality risk due to predation by planktivorous fish and select depths offering the highest possible fitness gain in the vertical gradient of different artificial light sources (halogen, metal‐halide, cool white LEDs, and high pressure sodium lamps) commonly used in street lighting. To test this hypothesis, we compared the virtual distributions of three clones of Daphnia longispina from simulations based on an experimentally parameterized, optimizing individual‐based model with distributions observed in laboratory experiments performed with 5‐d‐old individuals in an experimental apparatus comprised of twin vertical columns. Our hypothesis was confirmed only partially, since the distributions obtained in the experiments overlapped the virtual distributions only in the gradient of LEDs and high pressure sodium light, which suggests that that the strength of the maladaptive response could depend on the type of artificial light (i.e., spectral composition) penetrating the water column. Moreover, the results revealed that the response to the presence of artificial light is clone‐specific, which suggest that it could be a selective factor for microevolutionary changes.

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“…In addition ALAN also affected periphyton biomass, as mentioned before (section "Breeding"). In the Pennsylvanian wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus tadpoles, ALAN (indoors white LED) did not change metamorphosis duration but reduced hatching success (May et al, 2019). Furthermore, while A. americanus larvae kept a high rate of activity under illuminated night (comparing to daytime), L. sylvaticus tadpoles moved less, and after metamorphosis individuals exposed to ALAN were more susceptible to NaCl challenge and trematodes.…”

Section: Frogsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

et al. 2020

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The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview of the tremendous variety of light-detection strategies which have evolved in living organisms - unicellular, plants and animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), and the plethora of ocular and extra-ocular organs (animals). We describe the visual pigments which permit photo-detection, paying attention to their spectral characteristics, which extend from the ultraviolet into infrared. We discuss how organisms use light information in a way crucial for their development, growth and survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, and synchronization of circadian clocks. These aspects are treated in depth, as their perturbation underlies much of the disruptive effects of ALAN. The review goes into detail on circadian networks in living organisms, since these fundamental features are of critical importance in regulating the interface between environment and body. Especially, hormonal synthesis and secretion are often under circadian and circannual control, hence perturbation of the clock will lead to hormonal imbalance. The review addresses how the ubiquitous introduction of light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or in some cases reduce, the generalized ever-increasing light pollution. Numerous examples are given of how widespread exposure to ALAN is perturbing many aspects of plant and animal behaviour and survival: foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization and more. We examine the potential problems at the level of individual species and populations and extend the debate to the consequences for ecosystems. We stress, through a few examples, the synergistic harmful effects resulting from the impacts of ALAN combined with other anthropogenic pressures, which often impact the neuroendocrine loops in vertebrates. The article concludes by debating how these anthropogenic changes could be mitigated by more reasonable use of available technology – for example by restricting illumination to more essential areas and hours, directing lighting to avoid wasteful radiation and selecting spectral emissions, to reduce impact on circadian clocks. We end by discussing how society should take into account the potentially major consequences that ALAN has on the natural world and the repercussions for ongoing human health and welfare.

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The effect of intensified illuminance and artificial light at night on fitness and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stressors

Cited by 17 publications

References 71 publications

Artificial light at night alters activity, body mass, and corticosterone level in a tropical anuran

Artificial light at night alters activity, body mass, and corticosterone level in a tropical anuran

Daphnia depth selection in gradients of light intensity from different artificial sources: An evolutionary trap?

Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

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