“…Instead, existing literature emphasizes the physical and technological aspects of IS design, which involve hardcore computer science and information technology (IT) domains (Hoozée & Ngo, 2017; Koivisto & Hamari, 2019). In addition, the current literature focuses on the actual outcomes of participation (e.g., user acceptance and organizational performance) rather than the perceptual outcomes of AIS design (Abelein & Paech, 2015; Dalimunthe, 2021; Stadelmann‐Steffen & Dermont, 2021). Meanwhile, the existing literature shows that user participation has more attitudinal and behavioral effects (e.g., perceptions) than actual outcomes (He & King, 2008; Reich‐Stiebert et al, 2019, 2020).…”