The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (Sida Hermaphrodita Rusby) biomass Part 2. Heavy metals content, their uptake dynamics and bioaccumulation

Abstract

A single-factor fi eld experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dąbie in 2008 In the experiment, the compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method and high-calcium brown coal ash (furnace waste) were used. The perennial energy crop was a test plant -Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby Average cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc contents in test plant biomass were higher, respectively by 14.3%, 10.0%, 7.3%, 19.3%, 29.1% and 6.9%, in the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to those where only calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash had been introduced into the soil. The differences in cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc contents in Virginia fanpetals biomass between particular experimental objects were not signifi cant. The least zinc was absorbed by the test plant biomass in the object with high-calcium brown coal ash being applied in the fi rst year of study and annually. When evaluating the dynamics of heavy metals uptake, it was found to be the lowest in the fi rst year of study (ranging from 4.40% to 11.0%). It increased in the second and the third year of study, oscillating between 29.9% and 65.7%. The degree of heavy metals accumulation in Virginia fanpetals biomass differed, depending on the fertilisation applied. The bioaccumulation factor of cadmium, copper and nickel after three study years was average, while that of manganese, lead and zinc was intense.

Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) as perennial multipurpose crop: biomass yields, energetic valorization, utilization potentials, and management perspectives

“…In other experiments, different properties of Sida were analyzed after application of sewage sludge as fertilizer. These include parameters related to Sida's photosynthetic apparatus efficiency (Augustynowicz et al ., ; macroelement contents (Krzywy‐Gawrońska, ), but also heavy metal and other element contents in Sida biomass (Borkowska & Wardzinska, ; Krzywy‐Gawrońska, ; Wierzbowska et al ., ) as well as in ashes (Kacprzak et al ., ).…”

Opportunities for the production and economics of Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita)

“…Heavy metal accumulation and uptake Small plot analysis on acidic fields and areas contaminated with zinc and lead [37] Analysis of Zn, Cu and other heavy metal contamination of land (Cu accumulation: foliage, root system; Zn accumulation: foliage) [38] Testing the cleansing effect of Virginia fanpetals based biochar (absorbent) [39] Accumulation of harmful substances in the soil (mainly in the root zone) [40] Biomass production, waste management. Nutrient utilisation and pollutant sequestration: increasing crop yield and macroelement content, improving uptake ability and soil life Sewage sludge and sewage sludge compost application and their use in agriculture [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53] Increasing yield and waste management, micro-, macroelements and pollutant uptake, increased Application of sewage sludge compost and brown coal ash from power plants (CaCO3: 1.5 Mg CaO*ha -1 ; High-calcium brown coal ash: 1.5 Mg CaO*ha -1 ; municipal sewage sludge compost: 250 kg N*ha -1 ; their combination and half-dose [54], [55],…”