The effect of increasing levels of palm kernel meal containing α-β-mannanase replacing maize to growing-finishing hybrid duck on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass trait, and VFA

Abstract

In this experiment, we investigated the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel meal containing α-β-mannanase replacing maize to growing-finishing hybrid duck on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass trait. One hundred and ninety- six hybrid ducks [(Peking x Khaki Campbell)] with 410.52 ± 95.25 g BW) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments with 9 ducks (unsexed) per pen and 4 replicates per treatments. These dietary treatments were: NC (negative control; maize-soybean-meal based diet), PKM25 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 25%), PKM50 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 50%), PKM75 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 75%), PKM100 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 100%). There was a curve linear decrease in the growing phase and finisher phase in feed intake as the level of α-β-mannanase palm kernel meal increased in the diet. Curvilinear, the result was presented no significant difference (P>0.05) on the initial body weight, growing and finishing phase body weight. The result of this study showed the used α-β-mannanase in the palm kernel meal presented a significant difference (P < 0.05) on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. Furthermore, Carcass traits showed the reflection in line with the final weight and internal organs were better to compare to control 0.5% using α-β-mannanase in the palm kernel meal. In summary, the increase of the level of palm kernel meal with α-β-mannanase enzyme was had a positive effect on the hybrid ducks and the replacement of palm kernel meal by 25% with the addition of the α-β-mannanase enzyme was able to improve digestibility and reduce abdominal fat of hybrid ducks.

Using fuzzy time series with and without markov chain: to forecast of edible bird nest exported from Indonesia

“…In this experiment were not determine random component but stationary data. In order to forecast future values of exported data [1]. The main objective in analysing time series is to understand, interpret and evaluate changes in the phenomena in the hope of more correctly anticipating the course of future events.…”

“…One of them is influenced by the composition and nutrition of the feed ingredients used in the feed mixture so that it can accelerate of poultry [1][2][3]. Feed material is any food that can be eaten, preferred, partially or completely digested, absorbable and beneficial for livestock [4,5].…”

“…The exported of this product were increase during recently five years. During five years a rural economic were helps to maintenance balancing of rural economical farmers in urban area [1]. There are inconsistently data such as Indonesia, there is a lot of method that can be used in the livestock data.…”

Effects of the Replacing of Fish Meal with Freshwater Snail Flesh (Pomacea paludosa) Treated with Bromelain Enzyme on Growth Performance, Relatively Organ Weight, and Digestibility of Alabio Ducks (Anas plathyrhyncos Borneo)

“…Where: ANR is apparent Nitrogen retention, FI denotes feed intake. The correction factor is 8.73 (Sjofjan et al, 2021b). The apparent digestibility of protein is calculated using using the following formulate : Protein digestibility = (AxB)-(CxD)/(AxB)…”

The Effect of Combination of Calcidifier (CaCO3 and Averrhoa bilimbi L.) to External and Internal Egg of Isa Brown Laying Hens

“…The thing of concern is that there is a mixture of feed additives in the ration that is carried out by breeders who cannot guarantee the accuracy of the dosage so that it can cause antibiotic residues in food from livestock [12] [13]. Limitation or even prohibition of the use of antibiotics has been carried out, the role of antibiotics in feed as a feed additive can be replaced by several other feed additives such as probiotics, phytobiotics and acidifiers [11].…”