The Effect of Implant Collar Design and Development over the Years on Soft Tissue and Bone Level– A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

When Branemark first introduced the concept of osseointegration in 1952, a new era of oral reconstruction emerged [1]. For a long period of time, this machined type of implant was clinically and histologically considered successful for osseointegration. In response to clinical demand, rough surface implants were introduced in the late 80's in order to facilitate bone-implant-contact (BIC) [2,3]. However, plaque can attach up to 25 times more easily to rough surfaces than to machined surfaces