The effect of immunotherapy on humoral and cellular responses in ragweed hayfever.

Evans, Richard A.; Pence, Hobert L.; Kaplan, Hyman; Rocklin, Ross E.

doi:10.1172/jci108406

Cited by 140 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…These include an increase in allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies [2] and moderate impairment in the synthesis of allergen-specific IgE [3], development of anti-idiotypic antibodies [4], re-duced basophil reactivity and sensitivity to allergens [2], reduced allergen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine production [5,6], and the generation of allergen-specific suppressor T-cells [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Specific immunotherapy downregulates peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte activation in grass pollen-sensitive asthma

Majori

Bertacco²,

Piccoli³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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Several lines of evidence indicate that specific immunotherapy may act by modifying the immune responses of T-lymphocytes to the antigen. To evaluate the effect of specific immunotherapy on the activation of T-lymphocytes by cluster of differentiation cells (CD4+ and CD8+) in peripheral blood, the expression of two surface activation markers, the p55 interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, was studied prospectively on circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets in subjects with grass-pollen sensitive asthma before and after 1 yr of treatment with specific immunotherapy. Twenty five asthmatic patients with pollen sensitivity other than grass, studied out of their pollen season, served as the control group. Specific immunotherapy improved clinical indices of disease activity including symptom scores and medication use during the pollen season of the treatment year. It had a marked effect in reducing the expression of the two activation markers, CD25 and HLA-DR, in both CD4+ (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively) and CD8+ (p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively) T-cell subsets, in parallel with a significant decrease in CD23 expression on B-cells (p=0.008) and in grass-specific immunoglobulin E levels (p=0.01) in the peripheral blood of subjects with grass pollen-sensitive asthma. The decreased T-lymphocyte activation observed in immunotherapy-treated subjects after the treatment year was significant (p=0.05) in comparison with the control group. These data add to the view that the efficacy of specific immunotherapy may be attributed to the downregulation of T-cell responses.

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confidence: 99%

Specific immunotherapy downregulates peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte activation in grass pollen-sensitive asthma

Majori

Bertacco²,

Piccoli³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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“…It has been suggested that selective stimulation of Ts cells or a new formation of antigen-specific Ts cells (20)(21)(22) may be responsible for suppressing IgE synthesis during immunotherapy. In man, isotype-as well as antigen-specific Ts cells have been found in patients treated with immunotherapy, but not in untreated controls (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediator release is altered in immunotherapy‐treated patients: a 4‐ear study

Dokic

Nethe

Kleine‐Tebbe

et al. 1996

Allergy

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In recent years, it has been possible to demonstrate mediator release into the nasal secretion after nasal allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis. Using the nasal provocation model, we determined whether the mediator release was altered in immunotherapy-treated patients. Seventeen grass-pollen-allergic patients were examined under controlled, reproducible conditions. Serial challenges with increasing doses of grass pollen produced increasing numbers of clinical symptoms and release of mediators such as kinins, TAME-esterase activity, and histamine. Ten patients received a semidepot perennial grass-pollen extract for 4 years. Seven patients served as controls and did not receive immunotherapy during the observation period. Data from the group of patients receiving immunotherapy over the first year already showed a partially significant decline in the maximal mediator release after nasal allergen challenges compared to the results of pretreated challenges, whereas controls did not show any significant changes. Nasal allergen challenges after termination of 4 years' immunotherapy significantly modified the mediator release compared to pretreatment values (TAME-esterase activity P < 0.05, kinins P < 0.01, and histamine P < 0.01).Decrease of mediator release paralleled the symptom-medication scores and quantitative skin prick test. Finally, we could demonstrate a significant correlation between specific IgG increase and mediator decrease in the treated group.Immunotherapy in patients with pollen allergy has been evaluated by the following criteria: 1) clinical parameters (symptom/medication scores) 2) rhinomanometry (difficult to assess because of 3) direct inquiry, which is highly subjective on the 4) the quantitative skin prick test (QST).Better reproducibility of results was achieved with immunoglobulin measurements (specific IgG and specific IgE), although a statistically significant relation has so far been detectable only between the applied cumulative dose during immunotherapy and the production of IgG antibodies. A direct correlation has not yet been clearly demonstrated between the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy and IgG antibody production poor reproducibility) part of both the physician and the patient

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“…Furthermore, specific IT with grass–pollen extracts led to a decrease in the production of histamine–releasing factor by mononuclear cells in grass pollen–allergic individuals [9]. Specific IT in ragweed–allergic individuals decreased antigen–specific serum IgE and increased antigen–specific IgG [10]. IT is also associated with an increase in IgG and IgA found in the nasal secretions of allergic individuals [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Engineered Plant Allergens with Reduced Anaphylactic Activity

Singh

Weerd

Bhalla³

1999

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Allergy immunotherapy is based on the administration of increasing amounts of the disease–eliciting allergens in order to yield allergen–specific non–responsiveness. Success of this therapy is associated with modulation of the immune response to allergenic molecules at the level of T–helper cells and the induction of blocking antibodies. The extracts used for immunotherapy are highly heterogenous preparations from natural sources and contain additional components, mostly proteins which are not well defined. Recombinant DNA technology offers novel tools for production of pure and well–characterised allergens for specific immunotherapy. However, high IgE reactivity of pure recombinant allergens is associated with an increased risk of potentially life–threatening anaphylactic reactions. A major improvement in allergen–specific immunotherapy may be achieved by using genetically engineered recombinant allergens with reduced anaphylactic activity. Recently the site– directed mutagenesis technique has been applied successfully to produce variants of major grass, birch and oilseed rape allergens with reduced IgE reactivity but retained T–cell reactivity. These modified allergens with reduced anaphylactic potential are novel candidates for safer and more effective allergen–specific immunotherapy.

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The effect of immunotherapy on humoral and cellular responses in ragweed hayfever.

Cited by 140 publications

References 29 publications

Specific immunotherapy downregulates peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte activation in grass pollen-sensitive asthma

Specific immunotherapy downregulates peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte activation in grass pollen-sensitive asthma

Mediator release is altered in immunotherapy‐treated patients: a 4‐ear study

Genetically Engineered Plant Allergens with Reduced Anaphylactic Activity

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