The effect of immunization against somatostatin on growth rates and growth hormone secretion in the chicken

Spencer, G. S. G.; Harvey, Steven; Audsley, A.R.; Hallett, K.G.; Kestin, SC

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(86)90445-7

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Antiserum to somatostatin (kindly donated by Dr G S G Spencer, Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Reading, UK) was raised in sheep against a somatostatin-human serum -globulin conjugate (Spencer et al 1986). On the first day 200 µl antibody (1/40 000) and 100 µl sample or standard (0·0095 to 10 ng) were incubated overnight at 4 C. After addition of 125 I-[Tyr 1 ]-SRIH (25 000 c.p.m.)…”

Section: Srih Riamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and posthatch developmental changes in hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin concentrations and in circulating growth hormone and thyrotropin levels in the chicken

Geris

Berghman²,

Kühn³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) concentrations were determined by RIA during both embryonic development and posthatch growth of the chicken. Both TRH and SRIH were already detectable in hypothalami of 14-day-old embryos (E14). Towards the end of incubation, hypothalamic TRH levels increased progressively, followed by a further increase in newly hatched fowl. SRIH concentrations remained stable from E14 to E17 and doubled between E17 and E18 to a concentration which was observed up to hatching. Plasma GH levels remained low during embryonic development, ending in a steep increase at hatching. Plasma TSH levels on the other hand decreased during the last week of the incubation.During growth, TRH concentrations further increased, whereas SRIH concentrations fell progressively towards those of adult animals. Plasma TSH levels increased threefold up to adulthood; the rise in plasma GH levels during growth was followed by a drop in adults.In conclusion, the present report shows that important changes occur in the hypothalamic TRH and SRIH concentration during both embryonic development and posthatch growth of the chicken. Since TRH and SRIH control GH and TSH release in the chicken, the hypothalamic data are compared with plasma GH and TSH fluctuations.

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Section: Srih Riamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides their effect on the thyroidal axis both hormones also function as potent regulators of growth hormone (GH) secretion in the chicken (Scanes et al 1981, Spencer et al 1986, Kühn et al 1988b. These specific actions are already present during embryonic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and posthatch developmental changes in hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin concentrations and in circulating growth hormone and thyrotropin levels in the chicken

Geris

Berghman²,

Kühn³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…It was specific for SRIF and was capable of binding 1.3 ng SRIF/ml as used in the experiments. The antiserum has been dem onstrated to have potent immunoneutralizing capacity in many trials in a number of species [14][15][16][17],…”

Section: Preparation O F Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Maternal Growth Hormone Levels during Pregnancy Influences both Fetal and Postnatal Growth in Rats

Spencer¹,

Robinson²,

Berry³

et al. 1994

Neonatology

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To study the effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) administration to the mother on fetal growth, dwarf rats with an isolated GH deficiency were given daily s.c. injections of GH throughout pregnancy. Fetuses were heavier in GH-treated mothers (p < 0.001), and pups from GH-treated mothers continued to grow faster (p < 0.001) than pups from control mothers throughout the postnatal growth period through to weaning. In normal Wistar rats, administration of a potent antiserum to somatostatin to pregnant rats increased the mean birth weight of the offspring (p < 0.01). Administration of GH to the mothers also significantly increased birth weight (p < 0.05), but administration of antiserum to rat GH resulted in a significant retardation of both fetal and placental growth (p < 0.001). These data suggest that maternal GH status is significantly involved in the growth of the fetal rat.

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“…These effects have also been demonstrated in other species including chickens (94) and piglets for which the sow had been SST immunized (32). SST immunization has also improved pregnancy rates in both sheep and pigs (61).…”

Section: Examples Of Functional Inhibitors Of Physiological Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 69%

Antibodies as molecular mimics of biomolecules: roles in understanding physiological functions and mechanisms

Hill

Flint

Pell

2008

Advances in Physiology Education

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Physiologists have routinely used understanding of the immune system to generate antibodies against regulatory molecules, growth factors, plasma membrane receptors, and other mammalian molecules in the development of analytical tools and assays. In taking this notion further, antibodies have been used in vivo to modulate physiological systems and to improve our understanding of their molecular interactions. To develop antibodies with physiological activity (efficacy), physiologists have worked with immunologists in developing interdisciplinary insights, requiring basic knowledge of immune system function in designing strategies to generate antibodies that interact with endogenous molecules of physiological interest, in vivo. Antibodies in different physiological systems have been shown to enhance or inhibit endogenous molecular functions. Two approaches have been used: passive and active immunization. Antibodies in these contexts have provided tools to develop further insights into molecular physiological mechanisms. Perhaps surprisingly, enhancing antibodies have been developed against a diverse set of target molecules including several members of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axes and those of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor axis. Antibodies that inhibit the actions of somatostatin have also been developed. A further novel approach has been the development of antibodies that interact with adipose cells in vivo. These have the potential to be used in therapeutic antiobesity approaches. Antibodies with efficacy in vivo have provided new insights into molecular physiological mechanisms, enhancing our understanding of these complex processes.

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The effect of immunization against somatostatin on growth rates and growth hormone secretion in the chicken

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Pre- and posthatch developmental changes in hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin concentrations and in circulating growth hormone and thyrotropin levels in the chicken

Pre- and posthatch developmental changes in hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin concentrations and in circulating growth hormone and thyrotropin levels in the chicken

Alteration of Maternal Growth Hormone Levels during Pregnancy Influences both Fetal and Postnatal Growth in Rats

Antibodies as molecular mimics of biomolecules: roles in understanding physiological functions and mechanisms

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