The Effect of Imagery Function and Imagery Direction on Self-Efficacy and Performance on a Golf-Putting Task

Short, Sandra E.; Bruggeman, Jared M.; Engel, Scott G.; Marback, Tracy L.; Wang, Lori J.; Willadsen, Anders; Short, Martin W.

doi:10.1123/tsp.16.1.48

Cited by 104 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…I suggested that Adam attempted to increase the perceived pressure within simulated practice and play in events that induced anxiety more often. I also asked him to imagine himself coping with unexpected and high levels of anxiety within a range of situations that may enable him to become more prepared, confident and able to perform under these conditions (Short et al, 2002).…”

Section: Competitive Season-end Phase (Late August-early September)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Choking Under Pressure in Elite Golf: An Action Research Study

Hill

Hanton

Matthews

et al. 2011

The Sport Psychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study examined the effect of an evidence-based intervention on choking in golf. It is informed by the work of Hill, Hanton, Matthews and Fleming (2010a) that explored the experiences of elite golfers who either choked or excelled under pressure. The perceptions of elite golf coaches who worked with both 'chokers' and those who excelled, were also considered. It revealed that choking may be alleviated through the use of process goals, cognitive restructuring, imagery, simulated training and a pre/postshot routine. The present study incorporated each strategy into an intervention that was introduced to two professional golfers (aged 22) who choked under pressure regularly. Through an action research framework the impact of the intervention was evaluated over a ten month period via qualitative methods. The results indicated the intervention alleviated the participants' choking episodes and so provides information that can be of use to practitioners working with golfers who choke.Choking in sport is a term used to describe an acute performance breakdown (Clark, Tofler, & Lardon, 2005), such as that experienced by Greg Norman in the 1996 Masters golf event, when he inextricably lost by five shots despite leading the final round by six. Or that endured by Jana Novotna, whose performance in the 1993 Wimbledon final deteriorated to such an extent that she became, "unrecognisable… [as] an elite tennis player" (Gladwell, 2000, p. 84). However, despite its prevalence and detrimental impact on performance, choking has been subjected to limited research attention until recently (see Beilock & Gray, 2007). Hill, Hanton, Fleming, and Matthews (2009) define choking as, "a process whereby the individual perceives their resources are insufficient to meet the demands of the situation, and concludes with a significant drop in performance -a choke" (p. 206). However, Mesagno and Mullane-Grant (2010) proposed an alternative definition that they claim provides a more appropriate foundation for future choking research. It states that choking is a, "critical deterioration in skill execution, leading to substandard performance that is caused by an elevation in anxiety levels under perceived pressure, at a time when successful outcome is normally attainable by the athlete" (p. 343). Yet, it remains unclear whether this definition is suitable, as the choke differs from a substandard performance (Gucciardi, Longbottom, Jackson, & Dimmock, 2010;Hill, Hanton, Matthews, & Fleming, 2010b) and appears to be initiated by the athlete's negative interpretation of their anxiety, rather than its elevated levels per se (Gucciardi et al., 2010;Otton, 2009). As such, the definition of choking presented by Hill et al. (2009) may provide currently the most fitting framework for researchers and practitioners to work within.Despite on-going debate regarding the definition, it is agreed that choking is the result of attentional disturbances caused by self-focus and/or 'distraction' (see Beilock & Gray, 2007). Self-focus theories suggest that choking occ...

show abstract

Section: Competitive Season-end Phase (Late August-early September)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Choking Under Pressure in Elite Golf: An Action Research Study

Hill

Hanton

Matthews

et al. 2011

The Sport Psychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Assim, questões como a tendência dos atletas visualizarem adequadamente as situações propostas (vivacidade e controlabilidade das imagens), a perspectiva utilizada (interna ou externa) e a possibilidade da VM ser utilizada de um modo negativo (antecipando eventuais falhanços/erros da execução motora) devem merecer uma especial atenção dos investigadores, de forma a estabelecer-se convenientemente os factores de eficácia e condicionadores da técnica na aplicação a diferentes tarefas desportivas (Murphy & Jowdy, 1992;Short et al, 2002;Suinn, 1985). Por outro lado, também é importante esclarecer os efeitos das duas áreas da VM (cognitiva e motivacional) em atletas de diferentes modalidades, uma vez que os trabalhos conduzidos no estrangeiro têm vindo a realçar as vantagens da promoção de cada uma das facetas em função das necessidades concretas de cada contexto (Martin, Moritz & Hall, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Uma segunda área remeteu para a forma como a VM é efectuada, defendendo-se a ideia de que quando se incluem conteúdos positivos na forma como são recriadas as situações (ex: efectuar correctamente um movimento, ter sucesso numa determinada jogada, etc.) obtêm--se maiores vantagens no processo de imaginação (ver Short et al, 2002;Woolfolk, Parrish, & Murphy, 1985). Um terceiro domínio interessou-se pelo tipo de tarefas a recriar, existindo um certo consenso relativamente ao facto da VM poder assumir uma maior eficácia em actividades que envolvem uma maior componente cognitiva (ex: visualizar todos os movimentos implícitos na realização de uma jogada no basquetebol) por contraponto às tarefas onde é predominantemente solicitada uma resposta motora (ex: visualizar o levantamento de pesos nos treinos físicos) (Atianza & Balaguer, 1999;Gould & Damarjian, 1996).…”

unclassified

Avaliação da eficácia de um programa de treino de visualização mental num escalão de formação desportiva no basquetebol

Marques¹,

Gomes

2012

Análise Psicológica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados da implementação de um programa de visualização mental junto de uma equipa de basquetebol do escalão de Cadetes A, ao longo de seis meses, correspondendo a grande parte da época desportiva. A avaliação psicológica foi efectuada ao longo do programa, utilizando-se um plano longitudinal com medidas repetidas, no sentido de observar a frequência e a qualidade da visualização mental (VM). Os resultados sugerem a eficácia do programa desenvolvido, nomeadamente na maior tendência dos atletas aplicarem as técnicas treinadas entre o início e o final da intervenção. Por outro lado, os dados recolhidos sobre as dimensões da VM que mais beneficiaram com a intervenção, indicam um efeito particularmente positivo sobre a capacidade dos atletas anteciparem e prepararem o tipo de acções e movimentações a efectuar durante as competições (função cognitiva geral da VM). No final, são discutidas algumas sugestões para a investigação futura neste domínio da intervenção psicológica.

show abstract

“…Imagery, as a psychological skill that has been widely used with injured athlete for maintaining a positive outlook, controlling stress, improving self-confidence, managing pain, and in promoting healing effects during rehabilitation [24][25][26] . Moreover, Plessinger [27] suggested that imagery can be employed to enhance physical skills (e.g., technique and tactic), and mental skills (e.g., positive thought, anxiety reduction, confidence building, and mental toughness during injury).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of warmth imagery on physiological, physical, and psychological states among injured youth sepak takraw athletes: A case study design

Bhasavanija¹,

Kuan²,

Exercise³

2017

Int. J. Sport Exc. Health Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this current study was to examine whether warmth imagery could affect the body temperature, heart rate, quality of life, anxiety, pain rating, and the perception of hand warmth among two female injured Thai Sepak Takraw athletes. Both participants, P1 and P2 female (aged 18 years old) suffered with torn anterior cruciate knee ligament (Grade II), from the Bang Mod Campus, Bangkok Sports School. They participated in 12 sessions of imagery interventions focusing on motivational, relaxation, breathing, concentration and warmth imagery. The results showed that imagery interventions showed decreased in heart rate, increased in body temperature, increased in the perception of warmth, and improvement in the psychological state, which includes the quality of life, anxiety, and pain. The study suggests that the use of warmth imagery intervention showed positive effects on the physiological, physical and psychological on both injured athletes. Thus, similar intervention could be recommended to the injured athletes, to use such intervention during their rehabilitation process.

show abstract

The Effect of Imagery Function and Imagery Direction on Self-Efficacy and Performance on a Golf-Putting Task

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Alleviation of Choking Under Pressure in Elite Golf: An Action Research Study

Alleviation of Choking Under Pressure in Elite Golf: An Action Research Study

Avaliação da eficácia de um programa de treino de visualização mental num escalão de formação desportiva no basquetebol

The effect of warmth imagery on physiological, physical, and psychological states among injured youth sepak takraw athletes: A case study design

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About