The Effect of <i>β</i>-Glucan on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Koray, Meltem; Ak, Gülsüm; Kürklü, Esma; Tanyeri, Hakkı; Aydın, Filiz; Oğuz, Fatma; Temurhan, Sonay; Ciltci, Hayriye; Çarin, Mahmut; Önal, Ayşe Emel; Özdilli, Kürşat

doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0118

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…From 76 unique studies, we excluded 33 (Figure 1): 11 studies that did not test RAS treatments (Arvola et al , 2006; Sunitha and Shanmugam, 2006; Akman et al , 2007; Yoshihara et al , 2007; van der Hilst et al , 2008; Yao et al , 2008; Lebranchu et al , 2009; Chams‐Davatchi et al , 2010; Davatchi et al , 2010; Erkalp et al , 2010; Perico et al , 2010), 11 studies without a statistical comparison to a control arm (Kaufman et al , 2005; Sharquie and Hayani, 2005; Akhionbare and Ojehanon, 2007; Sharma et al , 2007; Karaca et al , 2008; Lee et al , 2008; Nanke et al , 2008; Mimura et al , 2009; Ciancio et al , 2010; Hello et al , 2010; Yasui et al , 2010), and eleven other studies (Moezzi et al , 2005; Brignone et al , 2007; Chuang and Langone, 2007; Passarini et al , 2007; Renko et al , 2007; Burgess, 2009; Garavello et al , 2009; Koray et al , 2009; Pignatello et al , 2009; Volkov et al , 2009Budde et al , 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis

et al. 2011

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Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common idiopathic intraoral ulcerative disease in the USA. Aphthae typically occur in apparently healthy individuals, although an association with certain systemic diseases has been reported. Despite the unclear etiopathogenesis, new drug trials are continuously conducted in an attempt to reduce pain and dysfunction. We investigated four controversial topics: (1) Is complex aphthosis a mild form of Behçet’s disease (BD)? (2) Is periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome a distinct medical entity? (3) Is RAS associated with other systemic diseases (e.g., celiac disease and B12 deficiency)? (4) Are there any new RAS treatments? Results from extensive literature searches, including a systematic review of RAS trials, suggested that: (1) Complex aphthosis is not a mild form of BD in North America or Western Europe; (2) Diagnostic criteria for PFAPA have low specificity and the characteristics of the oral ulcers warrant further studies; (3) Oral ulcers may be associated with celiac disease; however, these ulcers may not be RAS; RAS is rarely associated with B12 deficiency; nevertheless, B12 treatment may be beneficial, via mechanisms that warrant further study; (4) Thirty-three controlled trials published in the past 6 years reported some effectiveness, though potential for bias was high.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis

et al. 2011

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“…In an RCT of adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis, S. cerevisiae β-1,3;1-6 glucans decreased IL-4, IL-5 and percent eosinophils, and increased IL-12 in nasal fluid [47], while a placebo-controlled study of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) consuming β-1,3;1-6 glucans found increased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased Ulcer Severity Scores [48]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature

Ramberg

Nelson

Sinnott

2010

Nutr J

286

148

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BackgroundA large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic effects following oral administration is less clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and evaluate the available data regarding the specific immunologic effects of dietary polysaccharides.MethodsStudies were identified by conducting PubMed and Google Scholar electronic searches and through reviews of polysaccharide article bibliographies. Only articles published in English were included in this review. Two researchers reviewed data on study design, control, sample size, results, and nature of outcome measures. Subsequent searches were conducted to gather information about polysaccharide safety, structure and composition, and disposition.ResultsWe found 62 publications reporting statistically significant effects of orally ingested glucans, pectins, heteroglycans, glucomannans, fucoidans, galactomannans, arabinogalactans and mixed polysaccharide products in rodents. Fifteen controlled human studies reported that oral glucans, arabinogalactans, heteroglycans, and fucoidans exerted significant effects. Although some studies investigated anti-inflammatory effects, most studies investigated the ability of oral polysaccharides to stimulate the immune system. These studies, as well as safety and toxicity studies, suggest that these polysaccharide products appear to be largely well-tolerated.ConclusionsTaken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.

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“…Previous studies have shown that the bioactive substance in G. lucidum may be utilized in the treatment of ADs such as Crohn’s disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colitis [ 7 , 9 , 10 ].The polysaccharide fractions from G. lucidum or other fungi have been reported to have anti-ulcer effects against experimental ulcers in the rat especially gastric mucosal lesions [ 4 , 11 ]. A report showed that a number of fungi, including G. lucidum produces β-[ 1 , 3 ]-glucans had a regulatory function on lymphocyte production and function in patients with ROU [ 12 ].…”

Section: Backgroudmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of freeze-dried Ganoderma lucidum mycelia on a recurrent oral ulceration rat model

Xie

Zhong

Liu

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundConventional scientific studies had supported the use of polysaccharides and β-glucans from a number of fungi, including Ganoderma lucidum for the treatment of recurrent oral ulceration (ROU). Our aim of the present study was to evaluate whether freeze-dried powder from G. lucidum mycelia (FDPGLM) prevents ROU in rats.MethodsA Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model with ROU was established by autoantigen injection. The ROU rats were treated with three different dosages of FDPGLM and prednisone acetate (PA), and their effects were evaluated according to the clinical therapeutic evaluation indices of ROU.ResultsHigh-dose FDPGLM induced significantly prolonged total intervals and a reduction in the number of ulcers and ulcer areas, thereby indicating that the treatment was effective in preventing ROU. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that high-dose FDPGLM significantly enhanced the serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels, whereas reduced those of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Flow cytometry (FCM) showed that the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ (forkhead box P3) regulatory T cells (Tregs) significantly increased by 1.5-fold in the high-dose FDPGLM group compared to that in the rat model group (P < 0.01). The application of middle- and high-dose FDPGLM also resulted in the upregulation of Foxp3 and downregulation of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t(RORγt) mRNA.ConclusionHigh-dose FDPGLM possibly plays a role in ROU by promoting CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and inhibiting T helper cell 17 differentiation. This study also shows that FDPGLM may be potentially used as a complementary and alternative medicine treatment scheme for ROU.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-2021-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The Effect of β-Glucan on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature

The effects of freeze-dried Ganoderma lucidum mycelia on a recurrent oral ulceration rat model

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