The effect of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> hydroalcoholic extract on memory and lung changes induced by rats that inhaled paraquat

Heydari, Mehrdad; Mokhtari‐Zaer, Amin; Amin, Faisal Mohammad; Memarzia, Arghavan; Saadat, Saeideh; Hosseini, Mahmoud; Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2019.1668173

“…Inhaled rats tested for the Morris water maze and passive avoidance, revealed the learning and memory were damaged in paraquat-inhaled rats. They treated the rats with Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract (two doses, 200 and 800 mg/kg/day gavaged, 16 days) and found it improved the behavioral, learning, memory, and lung impairments induced by paraquat [ 182 ]. Gonçalves et al (2018) administered 5 mg/kg of paraquat intraperitoneally on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 7th day in Swiss male mice.…”

Section: Neurotoxins Used To Induce Pd In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Prasad

¹

,

Hung

²

2020

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Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability around the world. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. In PD, continuous loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes dopamine depletion in the striatum, promotes the primary motor symptoms of resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability. The risk factors of PD comprise environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular injury, aging, and hereditary defects. The pathologic features of PD include impaired protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, nitric oxide, and neuroinflammation, but the interaction of these factors contributing to PD is not fully understood. In neurotoxin-induced PD models, neurotoxins, for instance, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), paraquat, rotenone, and permethrin mainly impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain, activate microglia, and generate reactive oxygen species to induce autooxidation and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. Since no current treatment can cure PD, using a suitable PD animal model to evaluate PD motor symptoms’ treatment efficacy and identify therapeutic targets and drugs are still needed. Hence, the present review focuses on the latest scientific developments in different neurotoxin-induced PD animal models with their mechanisms of pathogenesis and evaluation methods of PD motor symptoms.

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“…Eight groups of rats ( n = 6 in each group) were studied: (1) control group, which was exposed to normal saline aerosol; (2) animals exposed to PQ (Sigma-Aldrich Co., China) aerosol at dose of 54 mg/m 3 [ 13 – 15 ]; (3 and 4) two groups exposed to PQ 54 mg/m 3 and treated with two doses of the extract of Z. multiflora (200 and 800 mg/kg/day); (5 and 6) two groups exposed to PQ 54 mg/m 3 and treated with two doses (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) of the pioglitazone (Samisaz Pharmaceutical Company, Iran); (7) one group exposed to PQ 54 mg/m 3 and treated with Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day; and (8) one group exposed to PQ 54 mg/m 3 and treated with dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, Germany; 0.03 mg/kg/day). The control group was exposed to saline and other groups to PQ (Sigma-Aldrich Co., China) aerosols 8 times on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15, each time for 30 min during a 16-day period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control group was exposed to saline and other groups to PQ (Sigma-Aldrich Co., China) aerosols 8 times on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15, each time for 30 min during a 16-day period. In treated groups, the extract, pioglitazone, or dexamethasone was administered by gavage for 16 days after the end of PQ exposure [ 15 , 16 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solution output of the nebulizer was 0.15 L/min and its air output was 3.7 L/min. The aerosol was delivered to exposure box, with dimensions 15 × 18 × 30 cm as previously described [ 15 ]. Therefore, the PQ dose in the exposure box was 54 mg/m 3 [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant collection and extract preparation were fully described in our previous study [ 15 ]. The plant was identified by Mr. Joharchi, Herbarium of the School of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, and a voucher specimen was preserved (Herbarium No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zataria multiflora and Pioglitazone Affect Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Inhaled Paraquat in Rats

Amin

¹

,

Memarzia

²

,

Roohbakhsh

³

et al. 2021

Mediators of Inflammation

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The effects of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) and pioglitazone (a PPAR-γ agonist) alone and in combination, on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by inhaled paraquat (PQ) as a herbicide, which induced inflammation in rats, were examined. Rats were exposed to (1) saline (control) and (2) 54 mg/m3 PQ aerosols (8 times, every other day, each time for 30 min) without treatment or treated with (3 and 4) two doses of Z. multiflora (200 and 800 mg/kg/day), (5 and 6) two doses of pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg/day), (7) low doses of Z . m u l t i f l o r a + pioglitazone , (Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day) or (8) dexamethasone (0.03 mg/kg/day) for 16 days, after the last PQ exposure. Different variables were measured at the end of the treatment period. Exposure to PQ significantly increased total and differential white blood cells (WBC) counts, serum levels of nitrite (NO2), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin- (IL) 17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), but reduced thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 ). Most measured parameters were significantly improved in groups treated with either doses of the extract, pioglitazone, Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day, or dexamethasone compared to the PQ group ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 ). The combination of low doses of Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day showed significantly higher effects compared to each one alone ( p < 0.05 to p < 0.001 ). Systemic oxidative stress and inflammation due to inhaled PQ were improved by Z. multiflora and pioglitazone. Higher effects of Pio-5+Z-200 mg/kg/day compared to each one alone suggest modulation of PPAR-γ receptors by the plant extract, but further studies using PPAR-γ antagonists need to be done in this regard.

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Retracted: Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by inhaled paraquat in rat improved by carvacrol, possible role of PPARγ receptors

Amin

¹

,

Memarzia

²

,

Rad

³

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Control rats were exposed to saline aerosol, two groups were exposed to paraquat (PQ), 27 (PQ-L) and 54 (PQ-H) mg/m 3 aerosols and six groups were treated with carvacrol, 20 (C-L) and 80 (C-H) mg/kg/day, pioglitazone, 5 (Pio-L) and 10 (Pio-H) mg/kg/day, C-L+Pio-L and dexamethasone, 0.03 mg/kg/day, for 16 days after the end of exposure to PQ-H. Different variables were measured after the end of treatment period. Total and differential white blood cells counts, nitrite, malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-10, and interferon-gamma levels were significant increased, but thiol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were decreased in the blood due to both doses of PQ (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). Most measured parameters were significantly improved in treated groups with both doses of carvacrol, pioglitazone, the combination of C-L+Pio-L and dexamethasone compared to PQ-H group (p < 0.05-p < 0.001).

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The effect of Zataria multiflora hydroalcoholic extract on memory and lung changes induced by rats that inhaled paraquat

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Zataria multiflora and Pioglitazone Affect Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Inhaled Paraquat in Rats

Retracted: Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by inhaled paraquat in rat improved by carvacrol, possible role of PPARγ receptors

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