The Effect of Hypoxia on Cardiovascular Disease: Friend or Foe?

Savla, Jainy; Levine, Benjamin D.; Sadek, Hesham A.

doi:10.1089/ham.2018.0044

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…In addition, hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor 1, the main regulator in the expression of the leptin gene-a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that has a negative feedback on appetite-and inversely associated with obesity (Sierra-Johnson et al 2008). A cross-sectional study conducted at different altitudes in the Everest region of Nepal also found that obesity decreased with increasing altitude (Sherpa et al 2010). Our findings present a striking example of the variation in obesity prevalence found among populations of similar indigenous backgrounds under different environmental circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Hirschler

Molinari

Maccallini³

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The objective was to compare blood pressure (BP) levels in 2 groups of Indigenous Argentine school children from similar ethnic backgrounds but living at different altitudes. One hundred and fifty-two (46.3%) children (age, 4–14 years) from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), at 3750 m above sea level, and 176 children (53.7%) from Chicoana (CH), at 1400 m above sea level, participated in this cross-sectional study. Data for children’s anthropometry, BP, glucose, lipids, vitamin D, and insulin, as well as mothers’ height and weight were assessed. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 95th percentile. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among children was significantly lower in SAC (n = 17, 11.2%) than in CH (n = 74, 42%) (body mass index (BMI) > 85th percentile per US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention norms). However, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among children in SAC (n = 15, 9.9%) than among those in CH (n = 2, 1.1%). Children were divided into 4 groups by mean arterial BP quartiles for comparison by ANOVA. As mean arterial BP increased, age, BMI, glucose, triglycerides, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels increased significantly. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that children’s mean arterial BP was significantly associated with altitude adjusted for confounding variables (R2 = 0.42). Furthermore, when mean arterial BP was replaced by systolic BP (R2 = 0.51) or diastolic BP (R2 = 0.33), similar results were obtained. Our results suggest that Indigenous children who live permanently at high altitude have higher levels of BP, adjusted for confounding variables. Routine BP measurements conducted in the SAC community could be essential for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Hirschler

Molinari

Maccallini³

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Therefore, new therapies are being sought to modify the cascade of injury–repair–regeneration of skeletal muscles. In many cases, regeneration-stimulating methods are implemented into clinical medicine to improve functional abilities in patients awaiting surgical interventions or suffering from chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases [ 4 , 8 , 13 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. NO and H 2 O 2 production is known to increase dramatically in injured skeletal muscle [ 18 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available studies reported substantial improvement in sea level endurance and anaerobic performance after IHE [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Beside the effects that hypoxia exerts on physical performance, there is some evidence that IHE might be beneficial for vascular endothelial activity and muscle regenerative capacity [ 7 , 8 ]. Hypoxic exposure increases production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (NO and H 2 O 2 ) and affects metabolic pathways including mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, apoptosis and, what has more recently been demonstrated, satellite cells proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure with High Dose of Arginine Impact on Circulating Mediators of Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2020

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Intermittent exposure to hypoxia (IHE) increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which, as signalling molecules, participate in tissue injury–repair–regeneration cascade. The process is also stimulated by arginine whose bioavailability is a limiting factor for NO synthesis. The effects of IHE in combination with arginine (Arg) intake on myogenesis and angiogenesis mediators were examined in a randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Blood samples were collected from 38 elite athletes on the 1st, 7th and 14th days during the training camp. The oral doses of arginine (2 × 6 g/day) and/or IHE using hypoxicator GO2Altitude (IHE and Arg/IHE) were applied. Serum NO and H2O2 concentrations increased significantly and were related to muscle damage (CK activity >900 IU/mL) in IHE and Arg/IHE compared to placebo. The changes in NO and H2O2 elevated the levels of circulating growth factors such as HGF, IHG-1, PDGFBB, BDNF, VEGF and EPO. Modification of the lipid profile, especially reduced non-HDL, was an additional beneficial effect of hypoxic exposure with arginine intake. Intermittent hypoxic exposure combined with high-dose arginine intake was demonstrated to affect circulating mediators of injury–repair–regeneration. Therefore, a combination of IHE and arginine seems to be a potential therapeutic and non-pharmacological method to modulate the myogenesis and angiogenesis in elite athletes.

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“…Therefore, hypoxic exposure is one of the methods which have been used for decades by professional athletes to increase endurance, strength, and speed, to avoid fatigue and to improve recovery [ 5 – 7 ]. A few epidemiologic and physiologic observations have demonstrated positive effects of hypoxia conditions on cardiovascular health [ 8 – 10 ]. Being born at high altitude was shown to have an independent protective effect against coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, regular physical activity with hypoxia exposure increases NO production via iNOS and eNOS [ 17 ], and thus, it could modify the lipid profile and inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines: tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α ) and interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β ) [ 18 – 21 ]. The majority of such observations were performed in healthy nonactive subjects or patients with coronary artery disease [ 10 , 22 – 25 ]. According to Angeli et al [ 25 ], the generation of inflammatory mediators in physically active men causes disturbances to vascular endothelial activity which precedes the development of arteriosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure Reduces Endothelial Dysfunction

Zembroń-Łacny

Tylutka

Wacka

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Intermittent exposure to hypoxia (IHE) increases the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates the adaptation to intense physical activity. However, several studies suggest a protective effect of moderate hypoxia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The effects of intense physical activity with IHE on oxi-inflammatory mediators and their interaction with conventional CVD risk factors were investigated. Blood samples were collected from elite athletes (control n=6, IHE n=6) during a 6-day IHE cycle using hypoxicator GO2 altitude. IHE was held once a day, at least 2 hours after training. In serum, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-Nitro), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) were determined by the commercial immunoenzyme (ELISA kits) or colorimetric methods. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) level was measured by ELISA kit every day of hypoxia. IHE was found to significantly increase H2O2, NO, and HSP27 but to decrease 3NT concentrations. The changes in 3NT and HSP27 following hypoxia proved to enhance NO bioavailability and endothelial function. In the present study, the oxi-inflammatory mediators IL-1β and hsCRP increased in IHE group but they did not exceed the reference values. The serum EPO level increased on the 3rd day of IHE, then decreased on 5th day of IHE, and correlated with NO/H2O2 ratio (rs=0.640, P<0.05). There were no changes in haematological markers contrary to lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) which showed a decreasing trend in response to hypoxic exposure. The study demonstrated that IHE combined with sports activity reduced a risk of endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis in athletes even though the oxi-inflammatory processes were enhanced. Therefore, 6-day IHE seems to be a potential therapeutic and nonpharmacological method to reduce CVD risk, especially in elite athletes participating in strenuous training.

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The Effect of Hypoxia on Cardiovascular Disease: Friend or Foe?

Cited by 43 publications

References 88 publications

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure with High Dose of Arginine Impact on Circulating Mediators of Tissue Regeneration

Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure Reduces Endothelial Dysfunction

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