The effect of hypnotic suggestion on spinal cord injury pain

Jensen, Mark P.; Barber, Joseph; Williams-Avery, Rhonda M.; Flores, L. J. F.; Brown, Milton Z.

doi:10.3233/bmr-2000-141-202

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An RCT found a reduction in intensity of SCI-related NP after treatment (Po0.01), but the evidence quality was downgraded because of a lack of confidence intervals. 51 Massage. A prospective-controlled trial, which included a comparison between acupuncture and massage, found that massage did not produce a significant reduction compared with acupuncture in SCI-related NP intensity.…”

Section: ) Treatments With Low-quality Evidence Of Positive Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CanPain SCI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation Management of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord: Recommendations for treatment

et al. 2016

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Study design: Clinical practice guidelines. Objectives: To develop the first Canadian clinical practice guidelines for treatment of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: The guidelines are relevant for inpatient and outpatient SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada. Methods: The CanPainSCI Working Group reviewed the evidence for different treatment options and achieved consensus. The Working Group then developed clinical considerations for each recommendation. Recommendations for research are also included. Results: Twelve recommendations were developed for the management of neuropathic pain after SCI. The recommendations address both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities. Conclusions: An expert Working Group developed recommendations for the treatment of neuropathic pain after SCI that should be used to inform practice.

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Section: ) Treatments With Low-quality Evidence Of Positive Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CanPain SCI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation Management of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord: Recommendations for treatment

et al. 2016

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“…However, no such effect was seen between the 2 groups in individuals without neuropathic pain. In the second study, Jensen et al 23 also found a significant decrease in pain intensity after treatment (P < .05). Based on these 2 studies, there is level 2 20 and 4 23 evidence that hypnosis is effective in reducing neuropathic pain post SCI.…”

Section: Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The pre-post study showed that some participants continued using self-hypnosis techniques even at 1-year follow-up. 23 Jensen et al 33 supported this finding in a study involving patients with SCI and multiple sclerosis. The study indicated that although 81% of the participants continued the use of hypnosis at 1-year follow-up, only 23% had a clinically significant reduction in pain intensity.…”

Section: Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 88%

Neuropathic Pain Post Spinal Cord Injury Part 1: Systematic Review of Physical and Behavioral Treatment

Mehta

Orenczuk

McIntyre

et al. 2013

Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

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Background: Neuropathic pain has various physiologic and psychosocial aspects. Hence, there is a growing use of adjunct nonpharmacological therapy with traditional pharmacotherapy to reduce neuropathic pain post spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of published research on nonpharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain after SCI. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles addressing nonpharmacological treatment of pain post SCI. Articles were restricted to the English language. Article selection was conducted by 2 independent reviewers with the following inclusion criteria: the subjects participated in a treatment or intervention for neuropathic pain; at least 50% of the subjects had an SCI; at least 3 subjects had an SCI; and a definable intervention was being studied. Data extracted included study design, study type, subject demographics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, outcome measures, and study results. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) assessment scale. Levels of evidence were assigned to each intervention using a modified Sackett scale. Results: The 16 articles selected for this review fell into 1 of 2 categories of nonpharmacological management of pain after SCI: physical and behavioral treatments. The pooled sample size of all studies included 433 participants. Of the 16 studies included, 7 were level 1, 3 were level 2, and 6 were level 4 studies. Conclusions: Physical interventions demonstrated the strongest evidence based on quality of studies and numbers of RCTs in the nonpharmacological treatment of post-SCI pain. Of these interventions, transcranial electrical stimulation had the strongest evidence of reducing pain. Despite a growing body of literature, there is still a significant lack of research on the use of nonpharmacological therapies for SCI pain.

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“…Hypnotic analgesia has proved an effective treatment for chronic pain conditions, and has been shown, in research, to be more effective than other analgesics (including morphine) in the reduction of ischaemia and cold pressor pain (Jensen and Barber, 2000). Grachev, Fredericksen and Apkavian (2000) noted abnormal brain chemistry in chronic pain subjects, in some cases involving the prefrontal and cingulate cortices.…”

Section: Hypnosis and Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypnotic analgesia: As already stated, hypnosis for the relief of pain has been well documented. Hypnosis techniques and ways of working are numerous (Hammond, 1990;Jensen and Barber, 2000). Different approaches may need to be adopted to treat different experiences of phantom limb pain with each patient (Oakley et al, 2002).…”

Section: This Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifaceted approach to the treatment of phantom limb pain using hypnosis

Bamford

2006

Contemporary Hypnosis

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This study looks at the efficacy of a multifaceted approach to the relief of phantom limb pain. Using hypnosis, four therapeutic interventions are incorporated into this treatment: hypnotic analgesia; visualization and movement of an imaginary limb to facilitate the movement of the phantom limb; psychological therapy and self-hypnosis. Twenty-five amputees completed a course of hypnosis averaging six weekly sessions. All patients were taught self-hypnosis and encouraged to continue this practice on a daily basis. The levels, duration and frequency of all pains were recorded before and after each session with a follow-up postal questionnaire sent out six months after treatments were completed. Results showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) reduction in pain levels from baseline to post treatment. Pain levels showed some increase by the six month follow-up questionnaire but were still significantly lower than the baseline. This study supports these combined hypnotic techniques as a treatment for phantom limb pain.

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The effect of hypnotic suggestion on spinal cord injury pain

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The CanPain SCI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation Management of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord: Recommendations for treatment

The CanPain SCI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation Management of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord: Recommendations for treatment

Neuropathic Pain Post Spinal Cord Injury Part 1: Systematic Review of Physical and Behavioral Treatment

A multifaceted approach to the treatment of phantom limb pain using hypnosis

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