The Effect of Hydrolyzed Insect Meals in Sea Trout Fingerling (Salmo trutta m. trutta) Diets on Growth Performance, Microbiota and Biochemical Blood Parameters

Mikołajczak, Zuzanna; Rawski, Mateusz; Mazurkiewicz, Jan; Kierończyk, Bartosz; Józefiak, Damian

doi:10.3390/ani10061031

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…The data showed no major effects of FM substitution with TM meal on species richness and diversity of both gut mucosa-and skin mucus-associated bacteria. In line with our results, the inclusion of hydrolysed TM meal did not affect the total number of digesta-associated bacteria in sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) [39]. In contrast, in the study of Józe ak et al [40], the total number of intestinal bacteria increased in rainbow trout fed a diet in which FM was partially replaced by TM in comparison to control sh that were fed a FM-based diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Full Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Insect Meal from Tenebrio Molitor on Rainbow Trout Gut and Skin Microbiota.

Terova

Gini

Gasco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal (FM) and oil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth. Therefore, the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing. In this regard, insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on fish growth performance and gut and skin microbiota. Methods: A feeding trial was conducted with trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets. Partially defatted TM meal was included in the diets to replace 0% (TM 0) and 100% (TM 100) of FM. To analyse the microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa, and in the diets. Results: The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both, gut mucosa- and skin mucus-associated microbiome. Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found. The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features, except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus (family Neisseriaceae) in trout fed with insect meal. The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum, regardless of the diet. Specifically, within this phylum, the Mollicutes, mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family, were the dominant class. However, we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities. The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families. Conclusions: the data demonstrated that TM larvae meal is a valid alternative animal protein to replace FM in the aquafeeds. Only slight gut and skin microbiota changes occurred in rainbow trout after total FM replacement with insect meal. The mapping of the trout skin microbiota represents a novel contribution of the present study. Indeed, in contrast to the increasing knowledge on gut microbiota, the skin microbiota of major farmed fish species remains largely unmapped but it deserves thorough consideration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Full Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Insect Meal from Tenebrio Molitor on Rainbow Trout Gut and Skin Microbiota.

Terova

Gini

Gasco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…However, the fish did not grow well in this unique study showing adverse effect of dietary insects on fish microbiota (Xiang et al, 2019). Indeed, although dietary TM or ZM did not affect the richness of sea trout's microbiota, they significantly reduced the occurrence of potential pathogens (Mikołajczak et al, 2020). Moreover, several studies have shown that both HI and TM increased the gut microbiota diversity of rainbow trout (Antonopoulou et al, 2019;Huyben et al, 2019;Józefiak et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Fish and Crustaceans Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In particular, Firmicutes lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB), often used as probiotics and known to improve mucosal activity and to produce antimicrobial bacteriocins, were more abundant in the intestines of rainbow trout and Siberian sturgeon fed with HI (Bruni et al, 2018;Huyben et al, 2019;Józefiak et al, 2019a,b, Terova et al, 2019. However, this was not the case of sea trout fed TM, where Lactobacillus counts reduced compared to FM-fed fish (Mikołajczak et al, 2020). Other commensal bacteria with antibacterial or antiviral activity (e.g.…”

Section: Fish and Crustaceans Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…and with the potential to help the host fight or compete with pathogens were observed to be particularly abundant in HI-fed rainbow trout (Bruni et al, 2018). Moreover, bacterial genera associated with common fish or human pathogens (Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Aeromonas and Enterococcus) decreased in HI-fed rainbow trout (Rimoldi et al, 2019;Terova et al, 2019), TM-and ZM-fed sea trout (Mikołajczak et al, 2020) as well as in MDfed swamp eel (Xiang et al, 2019). Insect meals are usually rich in saturated SCFA such as lauric acid, propionate and butyrate, which are antibacterial and antiviral, and may thus be responsible for some of the modulating activity of dietary insects on the gut microbiota of fish described above (Terova et al, 2019).…”

Section: Fish and Crustaceans Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 98%

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Beyond the protein concept: health aspects of using edible insects on animals

Gasco

Józefiak

Henry

2021

JIFF

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There is an increasing interest in the use of insects in animal feed since they contain high proteins levels, lipids, vitamins and minerals. In particular, insect-derived proteins are seen as one of the potential solution to face the increasing protein shortage and are able to fully substitute soybean meal or fishmeal in aquaculture or livestock feeds. However, beside their interesting nutritional composition, insects are also rich in bioactive compounds such as chitin, antimicrobial peptides or specific fatty acids with immunostimulating, antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory properties able to sustain animal health, increase their resistance to diseases. Further studies will also have to investigate whether insects share similarities with bacterial or parasitical pathogens and may act as immunostimulants. These recent findings may launch insects beyond the protein concept into healthy animal feeds. This review presents the effects of insects and their bioactive compounds on fish and crustaceans, poultry, pigs and rabbits immune system, gut health, microbiota and resistance to diseases.

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“…The need to find innovative sources for food and feed production has led to an increased recognition of insects 2,27,28 . Currently, about 92% of the ~ 2000 edible insect species worldwide is wild harvested 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary zinc enrichment reduces the cadmium burden of mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) larvae

Keil

Maares

Kröncke

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The industrial production of Tenebrio molitor L. requires optimized rearing and processing conditions to generate insect biomass with high nutritional value in large quantities. One of the problems arising from processing is a tremendous loss in mineral accessibility, affecting, amongst others, the essential trace element Zn. As a feasible strategy this study investigates Zn-enrichment of mealworms during rearing to meet the nutritional requirements for humans and animals. Following feeding ZnSO4-spiked wheat bran substrates late instar mealworm larvae were evaluated for essential micronutrients and human/animal toxic elements. In addition, growth rate and viability were assessed to select optimal conditions for future mass-rearing. Zn-feeding dose-dependently raised the total Zn content, yet the Znlarvae/Znwheat bran ratio decreased inversely related to its concentration, indicating an active Zn homeostasis within the mealworms. The Cu status remained stable, suggesting that, in contrast to mammals, the intestinal Cu absorption in mealworm larvae is not affected by Zn. Zn biofortification led to a moderate Fe and Mn reduction in mealworms, a problem that certainly can be overcome by Fe/Mn co-supplementation during rearing. Most importantly, Zn feeding massively reduced the levels of the human/animal toxicant Cd within the mealworm larvae, a technological novelty of outstanding importance to be implemented in the future production process to ensure the consumer safety of this edible insect species.

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The Effect of Hydrolyzed Insect Meals in Sea Trout Fingerling (Salmo trutta m. trutta) Diets on Growth Performance, Microbiota and Biochemical Blood Parameters

Cited by 49 publications

References 99 publications

Effects of Full Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Insect Meal from Tenebrio Molitor on Rainbow Trout Gut and Skin Microbiota.

Effects of Full Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Insect Meal from Tenebrio Molitor on Rainbow Trout Gut and Skin Microbiota.

Beyond the protein concept: health aspects of using edible insects on animals

Dietary zinc enrichment reduces the cadmium burden of mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) larvae

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