The effect of hydrodynamics on the mass transfer of dissolved inorganic carbon to the freshwater macrophyte Vallisneria americana

Nishihara, Gregory N.; Ackerman, Josef Daniel

doi:10.4319/lo.2006.51.6.2734

Cited by 28 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, in the red alga Laurencia brongniartii, the uptake kinetics were linear for nitrate and nonlinear for ammonium (Nishihara et al, 2005), whereas nonlinear kinetics were observed for both nutrients in the brown alga Scytothamnus australis (Phillips and Hurd, 2004). Indeed, physiology ultimately determines the rate of such processes; however, the transport of nutrients to the surface of aquatic macrophytes governs whether the process is kinetically or mass transfer limited (Sanford and Crawford, 2000;Nishihara and Ackerman, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of CO2 concentration and spatial location on O2 flux and mass transport in the freshwater macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis and V. americana

Nishihara

Ackerman

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The biology of aquatic organisms determines the maximum rates of physiological processes, but the mass transport of nutrients determines the nominal rates at which these processes occur. Maximum O2 flux(Pmax) at 17.1 mmol m–3 CO2was higher for the leaves of the freshwater macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis [Pmax=0.013±0.001 mmol m–2 s–1 (gchla+bm–2)–1 (mean ± s.e.m.)] than for the closely related species, Vallisneria americana[Pmax=0.008±0.001 mmol m–2s–1 (gchla+bm–2)–1]. The O2 flux saturated at freestream velocities >4.5±1.2 cm s–1 and was spatially invariant for both species. However, a tenfold decrease in CO concentration to 1.71 mmol m–3 changed the nature of the relationship between O2 flux and spatial location along the leaf surface, and reduced the O2 flux of V. spiralis to values similar to V. americana. The O2 flux[Pmax=0.007±0.001 mmol m–2s–1 (gchla+bm–2)–1] saturated at the upstream location(i.e. 1 cm from the leading edge of the leaf) but was found to increase linearly with freestream velocity [slope=0.057±0.011 mmol m–2 s–1 (gchla+bm–2)–1 (m s–1)–1] at the downstream location (i.e. 7 cm from the leading edge) at freestream velocities >1.8±0.9 cm s–1. Conversely, mass transfer rates did not vary with CO2 concentration, and were characteristic of a laminar concentration boundary layer at the upstream location and a turbulent concentration boundary layer at the downstream location. Rates of mass transfer measured directly from O2 profiles were not predicted by theoretical values based on hydrodynamic measurements. Moreover, the concentration boundary layer thickness (δCBL) values measured directly from O2 profiles were 48±2% and 21±1% of the predicted theoretical δCBL values at the upstream and downstream locations, respectively. It is evident that physiological processes involving mass transport are coupled and vary in space. Mass transport investigations of biological systems based solely on hydrodynamic measurements need to be interpreted with caution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of CO2 concentration and spatial location on O2 flux and mass transport in the freshwater macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis and V. americana

Nishihara

Ackerman

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…2). Our flow-mediated response was similar to the respiratory response of corals (Finelli et al, 2006;Patterson and Sebens, 1989;Patterson et al, 1991), nutrient uptake in seagrasses (Cornelisen and Thomas, 2004) and the photosynthetic response in aquatic plants (Nishihara and Ackerman, 2006;Stewart and Carpenter, 2003).…”

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…For instance, uptake of nutrients in freshwater plants has been shown to occur more slowly than does transport across their diffusional boundary layers (Nishihara and Ackerman, 2006). Reaction kinetics, in this case, may be more limiting than any rate of mass transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of water temperature and flow on respiration in barnacles: patterns of mass transfer versus kinetic limitation

Nishizaki

Carrington

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In aquatic systems, physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis and calcification are potentially limited by the exchange of dissolved materials between organisms and their environment. The nature and extent of physiological limitation is, therefore, likely to be dependent on environmental conditions. Here, we assessed the metabolic sensitivity of barnacles under a range of water temperatures and velocities, two factors that influence their distribution. Respiration rates increased in response to changes in temperature and flow, with an interaction where flow had less influence on respiration at low temperatures, and a much larger effect at high temperatures. Model analysis suggested that respiration is mass transfer limited under conditions of low velocity (<7.5 cm) and high temperature (20-25°C). In contrast, limitation by uptake reaction kinetics, when the biotic capacity of barnacles to absorb and process oxygen is slower than its physical delivery by mass transport, prevailed at high flows (40-150 cm s −1 ) and low temperatures (5-15°C). Moreover, there are intermediate flow-temperature conditions where both mass transfer and kinetic limitation are important. Behavioral monitoring revealed that barnacles fully extend their cirral appendages at low flows and display abbreviated 'testing' behaviors at high flows, suggesting some form of mechanical limitation. In low flow-high temperature treatments, however, barnacles displayed distinct 'pumping' behaviors that may serve to increase ventilation. Our results suggest that in slow-moving waters, respiration may become mass transfer limited as temperatures rise, whereas faster flows may serve to ameliorate the effects of elevated temperatures. Moreover, these results underscore the necessity for approaches that evaluate the combined effects of multiple environmental factors when examining physiological and behavioral performance.

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“…In general, water movement on a small scale has positive effects on nutrient uptake and metabolism due to the reduction of thickness of diffusion boundary layer around leaves (Madsen et al, 1993;Nishihara and Ackerman, 2006). However, water movement does not necessarily enhance nutrient uptake; it can inhibit plant physiological processes becoming a stress to the plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of flow turbulence on growth, nutrient uptake and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures inChara fibrosa

Ellawala

Asaeda

Kawamura

2012

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-Exposure to water movement has been observed to alter various processes in the plants including growth, hormone concentration and nutrient uptake. In the current study, Chara fibrosa was exposed to three different turbulence conditions and compared with a control. Turbulence was generated in the laboratory by using a vertically oscillating grid setup. Exposure to turbulence caused a reduction in shoot length and nutrient uptake in C. fibrosa. Variation of stable isotope composition was measured as a surrogate variable that is able to integrate variations of many physiological processes. It was initially hypothesized that the reduction of diffusion boundary layer around the plant will increase isotopic discrimination against 13 C and 15 N, when exposed to increasing turbulence. Although the results generally agree with the hypothesis, a trend of increment was observed in d 13 C in the plants exposed to turbulent velocities from 0.46 to 1.93 cm s x1 , against the hypothesis. Mechanical stress induced reduction of carbon uptake and lipid peroxidation due to the development of oxidative stress may be the reasons behind the above-mentioned trend. The study exhibits that the net effect of physical and physiochemical changes of the plants was displayed in d 13 C signatures and it is important to consider physical conditions of the local environment, in using stable isotope signatures for ecosystem studies.

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The effect of hydrodynamics on the mass transfer of dissolved inorganic carbon to the freshwater macrophyte Vallisneria americana

Cited by 28 publications

References 53 publications

The interaction of CO2 concentration and spatial location on O2 flux and mass transport in the freshwater macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis and V. americana

The interaction of CO2 concentration and spatial location on O2 flux and mass transport in the freshwater macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis and V. americana

The effect of water temperature and flow on respiration in barnacles: patterns of mass transfer versus kinetic limitation

The effect of flow turbulence on growth, nutrient uptake and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures inChara fibrosa

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