The Effect of Hydration on Urine Color Objectively Evaluated in CIE L*a*b* Color Space

Belasco, Rebekah; Edwards, Tory; Munoz, A J; Rayo, Vernon; Buono, Michael J.

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.576974

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The concentration of urobilin in urine is not only determined by hydration, but also by the type of microflora in the gut and the total amount of degraded haeme, of which Hb constitutes 80–85 % ( 45 , 46 ) . Visual Ucol assessment can be biased by individual colour and light perceptions, light conditions, size and depth of urine containers, flavonoids from food, food dyes and drugs ( 16 , 43 , 47 ) . Despite this, Ucol has been shown to correlate strongly with Uosm in several studies ( r 0⋅62–0⋅88) ( 4 , 11 , 16 , 39 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual Ucol assessment can be biased by individual colour and light perceptions, light conditions, size and depth of urine containers, flavonoids from food, food dyes and drugs ( 16 , 43 , 47 ) . Despite this, Ucol has been shown to correlate strongly with Uosm in several studies ( r 0⋅62–0⋅88) ( 4 , 11 , 16 , 39 ) . We did not find any association between strong coloured food items and atypical Ucol in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rising plasma osmolality beyond normo-physiological fluctuations in the range of 285-295 mOsmol/kg defines dehydration, a similar fall implies overhydration (12) . Consequently, using a urine concentration of 800 mOsmol/kg as a cut-off for dehydration is common, with a corresponding urine specific gravity (Usg) > 1⋅020 and a urine colour (Ucol) ≥ 7 (1,(13)(14)(15)(16) . Adequate hydration can be further subdivided: In optimal euhydration, no active waterconserving happens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of fluid intake, urine output and hydration-levels in women from Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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The study objective was to measure fluid intake and associations with background characteristics and hydration biomarkers in healthy, free-living, non-pregnant women aged 15–69 years from Hargeisa city. We also wanted to estimate the proportion of euhydrated participants and corresponding biomarker cut-off values. Data from 136 women, collected through diaries and questionnaires, 24h urine samples and anthropometric measurements, were obtained with a cross-sectional, purposeful sampling from fifty-two school and health clusters, representing approximately 2250 women. The mean (95 % CI) 24 h total fluid intake (TFI) for all women was 2⋅04 (1⋅88, 2⋅20) litres. In multivariate regression with weight, age, parity and a chronic health problem, only weight remained a predictor (P 0.034, B 0.0156 (l/kg)). Pure water, Somali tea and juice from powder and syrup represented 49⋅3, 24⋅6 and 11⋅7 % of TFI throughout the year, respectively. Mean (95 % CI) 24 h urine volume (Uvol) was 1⋅28 (1⋅17, 1⋅39) litres. TFI correlated strongly with 24 h urine units (r 0.67) and Uvol (r 0.59). Approximately 40 % of the women showed inadequate hydration, using a threshold of urine specific gravity (Usg) of 1⋅013 and urine colour (Ucol) of 4. Five percent had Usg > 1⋅020 and concomitant Ucol > 6, indicating dehydration. TFI lower cut-offs for euhydrated, non-breast-feeding women were 1⋅77 litres and for breast-feeding, 2⋅13 litres. Euhydration cut-off for Uvol was 0⋅95 litre, equalling 9⋅2 urine units. With the knowledge of adverse health effects of habitual hypohydration, Somaliland women should be encouraged to a higher fluid intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of fluid intake, urine output and hydration-levels in women from Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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“…Although the study was not targeted to differentiate between different intensities within light conditions, it seems likely that wavelength can influence how Uc is perceived, in addition to light intensity. This is especially of importance because analysis using spectrophotometry also showed that, while urine color tends to color darker with increasing concentration, individual values of tristimulus colorimetry (CIE L_a_b_) scores changed, reporting a notable polynomial trend in color along the green-red axis, indicating a green hue in slightly dehydrated urine 24 . Therefore it should be taken into account that while urine color tends to increase with concentration, subtle differences in how the color is constructed in combination with the selected light condition, may influence how the urine is percepted by the human eye.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Urine Color Scoring Using Different Light Conditions and Scoring Techniques to Assess Urine Concentration

Wardenaar

Armistead

Boeckman

et al. 2021

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Urine color (Uc) is used to asses urine concentration when lab techniques are not feasible. Objective: To compare the accuracy of Uc scoring using four different light conditions and two different scoring techniques with a 7-color Uc chart. Additionally to assess the results' generalizability, a subsample was compared to scores obtained from fresh samples. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Samples: 178 previously frozen urine samples were scored and n=78 samples were compared to its own fresh outcomes. Main outcome measure: Urine color and accuracy for classifying urine samples were calculated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, allowing to compare the diagnostic capacity against a 1.020 urine specific gravity (USG) cut-off and defining optimal Uc cut-off value. Results: Uc was significantly different between light conditions (P<0.01), with the highest accuracy (80.3%) of correctly classifications of low or high urine concentrations occurring at the brightest light condition. Lower light intensity scored 1.5–2 shades darker on a 7-color Uc scale than bright conditions (P<0.001), with urine color but no further practical differences for accuracy between scoring techniques. Frozen was 0.5–1 shade darker than freshly measured Uc (P<0.004), but they were moderately correlated (r=0.64). A Bland-Altman plot showed that reporting bias mainly affects darker Uc without impacting the diagnostic ability of the method. Conclusions: Uc scoring, accuracy and Uc cut-off values are affected by lighting condition but not by scoring technique, with higher accuracy and a one-shade lower Uc cut-off value at the brightest light (i.e. LED flashlight).

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“…B3, as precursors of NADH.-Boost sulfur compounds which can be supplied by a diet rich in allium vegetables such as garlic and onions [90]. Maintaining blood flow through: -Avoiding increases in blood viscosity with adequate hydration based on urine output [91] . Promotion of blood circulation by active and passive movements [92] .…”

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confidence: 99%

PathoBiochemistry-directed Guidelines for COVID-19

Buinitskaya¹,

Wlodaver²,

Gurinovich³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Patients with underlying health conditions are at risk for a poor outcome from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using machine reasoning by the sci.AI system, we investigated the pathobiochemistry of this observation to generate therapeutic guidelines. Facts were extracted and linked from publications available in nlm.nih.gov and Europe PMC to form the dataset which was validated by medical experts. Previously we described how preexisting chronic inflammation renders the acute inflammatory response to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) excessive translating the SARS-CoV-2 infection into the clinical COVID-19 syndrome. Herein we focus on therapeutic interventions that mitigate the immune response. In essence, from bench to bedside, as depicted in the Graphical Abstract, the clinical management of COVID-19 should aim at: A. Control of excessive oxidant production. B. Neutralization of excessive oxidants. C. Upregulation of nitric oxide (NO) production.

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The Effect of Hydration on Urine Color Objectively Evaluated in CIE Lab* Color Space

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Estimates of fluid intake, urine output and hydration-levels in women from Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

Estimates of fluid intake, urine output and hydration-levels in women from Somaliland: a cross-sectional study

Validity of Urine Color Scoring Using Different Light Conditions and Scoring Techniques to Assess Urine Concentration

PathoBiochemistry-directed Guidelines for COVID-19

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