The effect of hyaluronic acid on the sedimentation rate of other substances

Laurent, Torvard C.; Pietruszkiewicz, Adolph

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(61)90125-1

Cited by 114 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In diffusion experiments the value ought to be unity. The values listed in Table 2, although close to unity, deviate significantly and are in the same range as the values obtained in the sedimentation experiments using globular particles [3,4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Diffusion of Linear Polymers in Hyaluronate Solutions

et al. 1975

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The diffusion through hyaluronate solutions of six linear polymer fractions with molecular weights between 31 000 and 530000 has been investigated. The polymers (sodium deoxyribonucleate, polyadenylate, polyvinyl hydrogen phthalate and polyanethol sulfonate) absorb ultraviolet light and their diffusion could therefore be registered in synthetic boundary cells in the analytical centrifuge with the aid of a photoelectric scanning system, without interference from the hyaluronate.The presence of hyaluronate retarded the diffusion of the polymers. The data could be fitted to a relationship for the retardation of globular particles in polymer networks described by Laurent, Bjork, Pietruszkiewicz, and Persson (1963), which has recently been supported by theoretical work of Ogston, Preston, and Wells (1973). The linear polymers were, however, less retarded in the hyaluronate network than globular particles of equal hydrodynamic dimensions. The results suggest that asymmetric particles and coiled molecules preferentially penetrate the network by end-on movements as this offers fewer obstacles in their path than a random movement of whole hydrodynamic units. For a rigid rod this could lead to a unidimensional diffusion in the polymer network.The extracellular ground-substance in connective tissues contains a variable amount of high-molecularweight polysaccharides [l]. These polymeric species are presumed to form a continuous chain-network which may affect the transport of macromolecules through the tissues [2]. Studies on the migration of macromolecules in polymer solutions are therefore of biological interest.The transport of globular particles through hyaluronate solutions has been studied by sedimentation and diffusion [3 -51. The rate of transport decreased with increasing size of the particle and increasing concentration of the hyaluronate. The data were shown to follow an empirical relationship which states that the relative decrease in transport rate is exponentially related to the diameter of the particle and to the square root of the hyaluronate concentration [3]. A theoretical relationship of this form was recently proposed by Ogston and co-workers [6], who described the diffusion as a stochastic process in which the particles moved by unit displacements and in which the decrease in diffusion rate in a polymer network was This paper is no. 23 in the series Interaction between Polysaccharides and Other Macromolecules.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Diffusion of Linear Polymers in Hyaluronate Solutions

et al. 1975

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“…Similar behaviour has been shown in sedimentation studies of globular particles through polysaccharide solutions (Laurent & Pietruszkiewicz, 1961;Laurent et al, 1963;Laurent & Persson, 1964) and by diffusion studies in the ultracentrifuge (Laurent et al, 1963;Preston & Snowden, 1973b). It has been proposed (Laurent et al, 1963;Ogston et al, 1973) that such decrease in translational migration in concentrated polymer solutions is due to a sieving mechanism whereby the particles act as if they are trapped in the network and their movement is hindered owing to steric obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Permeability of composite chondrocyte-culture-millipore membranes to solutes of varying size and shape

Cumming¹,

Handley²,

Preston³

1979

Biochemical Journal

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A model connective-tissue system was developed that is amenable to the determination of permeability coefficients of diffusing solutes. The system involves the culture of 13-day chick-embryo chondrocytes on a Millipore filter (HA: 0.454um pore size) to form what is, in effect, a confluent, extremely thin cartilage slice of uniform thickness. These cultured chondrocyte membranes were used to measure the steady-state flux of radioactively labelled low-molecular-weight solutes and micro-ions. Similarly, the permeability coefficients of either radioactively labelled or enzymically active proteins across the membranes were determined. The membrane was found to have no marked effects on the diffusional behaviour of low-molecular-weight non-electrolytes (water, proline, ribose, glucose, sorbitol, raffinose). For micro-ions (Na+, S042-, Cl-, glutamate, glucuronate), the diffusive behaviour was found to be markedly affected by the ionic strength of the solvent used in a manner which was consistent with a Donnan distribution resulting from the immobilized proteoglycans. Globular proteins permeated the membrane at rates which decreased as the molecular size of the diffusing solute increased. The apparent diffusion rates of fibrinogen and of collagen through the membranes were greater than would be expected on the basis of their diffusion coefficients in free solution. Reasons for this behaviour are discussed.

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“…However, experimental. evidence provided by Laurent et al (44)(45)(46) indicates that the transport of linear polymers through gels is facilitated compared to that of globular particles with the same hydrodynamic parameters. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that polymers preferentially move end-on through the network by a process of"reptation" (47,48) which results in a small "effective molecular radius."…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glomerular permeability of macromolecules. Effect of molecular configuration on the fractional clearance of uncharged dextran and neutral horseradish peroxidase in the rat.

1979

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A B S T R A C T Molecular parameters other than size and charge are likely to influence the filtration ofmacromolecules across the glomerular filter. We have studied, therefore, the glomerular permeability of macromolecules with widely different molecular configuration such as horseradish peroxidase, a plant glycoprotein with an isoelectric point in the physiologic pH range, and dextran, an uncharged sugar polymer of D-glucopyranose. Simultaneous fractional clearances were determined for both test macromolecules in five WistarFurth rats. The results indicate that for a molecular radius of 28.45 A, as measured by gel filtration, the sugar polymer has a fractional clearance of 0.483 on the average, exceeding that of the protein tracer, with a value of 0.068, by a factor >7. We conclude that other molecular parameters such as shape, flexibility, and deformability play important roles in the transport of macromolecules across the extracellular matrix that constitutes the glomerular filter. INTRODUCTION The filtration of macromolecules across the glomerular capillary wall is determined by the structural characteristics of the filter (1-12), glomerular hemodynamics (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and molecular parameters of the solute. Molecular determinants include the molecular radius (22)(23)(24)(25) and the net molecular charge (26-30). The fractional clearance of macromolecules decreases with increasing molecular radii but for the same molecular size, polyanions are selectively restricted and the filtration of polycations is enhanced. For the same molecular radius, the fractional clearances of proteins are generally much lower than those of the chemicallv dif-

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The effect of hyaluronic acid on the sedimentation rate of other substances

Cited by 114 publications

References 12 publications

Diffusion of Linear Polymers in Hyaluronate Solutions

Diffusion of Linear Polymers in Hyaluronate Solutions

Permeability of composite chondrocyte-culture-millipore membranes to solutes of varying size and shape

Glomerular permeability of macromolecules. Effect of molecular configuration on the fractional clearance of uncharged dextran and neutral horseradish peroxidase in the rat.

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