The Effect of Hurricane Irma Storm Surge on the Freshwater Lens in Big Pine Key, Florida using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Kiflai, Michael Eyob; Whitman, Dean; Ogurcak, Danielle E.; Ross, Michael S.

doi:10.1007/s12237-019-00666-3

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The smallest value of 0.01 was reached in a sandy beach in Chincoteague Bay (DE) (Figure 1, Table S1 in Supporting Information S1), due to the weaker ability of the soil to retain water. (Anderson, 2002;Cardenas et al, 2015;Hedgespeth et al, 2021;Keim et al, 2007;Kiflai et al, 2020;McDowell et al, 1996;Sawyer et al, 2014;Terry & Falkland, 2010;Van Biersel et al, 2007;Vithanage et al, 2012;Wachnicka et al, 2020;Williams, 1993).…”

Section: Groundwater System Recovery After Storm Surge Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems

Frederiks

Hingst

Carr

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Recent studies have focused on the effect of large tropical cyclones (hurricanes) on the shore, neglecting the role of less intense but more frequent events. Here we analyze the effect of the offshore tropical storm Melissa on groundwater data collected along the North America Atlantic coast. Our meta‐analysis indicates that both groundwater level and specific conductivity significantly increased during Melissa, respectively reaching maximum values of 1.09 m and 25.2 mS/cm above pre‐storm levels. Time to recover to pre‐storm levels was 10 times greater for groundwater specific conductivity, with a median value of 20 days, while groundwater level had a median recovery time of 2 days. A frequency‐magnitude analysis indicates that the percent of time with salinization is higher for Melissa than for energetic hurricanes. Given the high frequency of these events (return period of 1–2 years), and the long time needed for groundwater conditions to return to normal levels, we conclude that increasingly frequent moderate storms will have a significant impact on the ecology of vegetated shorelines.

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Section: Groundwater System Recovery After Storm Surge Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems

Frederiks

Hingst

Carr

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The ERT image indicated low resistivity/high salinity zones in the upper 2 m depth corresponding to saline water emplaced on the top of the freshwater lens by the storm surge (Figure 2c,d). This deposition of saline water on top of the freshwater lens defined by the 3 practical salinity unit (PSU) contour lines is observed in the lower elevation sections of the profiles (Kiflai et al., 2019). This low resistivity/high salinity is clearly visible east of 130 m on the profile.…”

Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A coincident ERT survey of 220 m long was conducted along the EM transect on the western shoreline of the island in January, May and December 2018 at the same location (Figures 1 and 2; Kiflai et al., 2019). The ERT surveys were collected with an AGI Super Sting R1/IP metre using a 2 m electrode spacing in a roll along Wenner Array configuration.…”

Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In BPK, the flat and low-lying topography less than 2.0 m makes the freshwater lens vulnerable to tidal and storm surge events. Kiflai et al (2019) investigated the impact of storm surge and recovery history of the freshwater lens using ERT images along three profile and groundwater samples. The study showed low resistivity/high salinity zones in the upper 2.0 m suggested the deposition of the saline water on the top of the freshwater lens.…”

Section: Previous Geophysical Surveys On Big Pine Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophysical mapping of freshwater lens in Big Pine Key, Florida: Electromagnetic Induction Calibration and Application

Kiflai

Whitman

2022

Near Surface Geophysics

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Geoelectric and electromagnetic (EM) methods are rapid and non‐invasive geophysical techniques for estimating groundwater properties and characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of subsurface formations. However, to quantitatively interpret the EM data, the systematic error due to calibration problems and random error must be considered. We conducted coincident EM and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys in January and December 2018 on Big Pine Key, FL. In this study, we used vertical electrical sounding (VES) data extracted from a 220 m long ERT profile to calibrate the EM data. The inverted VES data were used as input in the EM forward model to estimate the quadrature component response. Then, the observed offset between the calculated and observed quadrature data was corrected using a multiple linear regression model. Finally, the calibrated quadrature data were converted to apparent electrical conductivity and inverted as a 2‐layer model using both the full solution and the low induction approximation. These models were used to assess the temporal and spatial variations of conductivity on a 2.2 km long E–W trending profile across the island. The calibrated apparent electrical conductivity on the profile decreased between January and December 2018, with the largest decreases in the lower elevation regions of the profile. In addition, the 2‐layer models inverted using the full solution and low induction approximation showed the depth of the freshwater interface increased by December 2018. These observations suggest the recovery of the freshwater lens due to precipitation. Based on this study, we concluded the VES at pilot locations can be used for calibration purposes and verification of the accuracy of EM measurements.

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“…We take a geophysical approach to detect spatial and temporal variation in salinity profiles that would reflect diel signatures of water uptake by the trees and hydraulic redistribution of atmospherically-sourced fresh water from the trees into the soil. Timelapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) has proven useful in imaging changes in soil moisture and root uptake (e.g., Beff et al, 2013;Brillante et al, 2016;Consoli et al, 2017;Daily et al, 1992;Garré et al, 2011;Lewis et al, 2016;Mares et al, 2016;Mary et al, 2020;Musgrave and Binley, 2011), the mobility of saline tracers (e.g., Binley et al, 1996;Cassiani et al, 2006;Kemna et al, 2002;Robinson et al, 2020;Singha and Gorelick, 2005;Slater et al, 1997;Slater and Sandberg, 2000) or contaminants (e.g., Hayley et al, 2009;Mansoor and Slater, 2007), and changes in both soil moisture and salinity in saline environments (Attwa et al, 2011;Boaga et al, 2014;Brindt et al, 2019;deFranco et al, 2009;Kiflai et al, 2020;Leroux and Dahlin, 2006;Slater and Sandberg, 2000;Sutter and Ingham, 2016;Urish and Frohlich, 1990;Vacher et al, 2008). This paper reports on the observations made with a time-lapse ERI survey coupled with real-time groundwater data and tidal records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic redistribution in mangroves: time-lapse electrical resistivity reveals diel patterns of subsurface salt mobilization consistent with exchange of water between trees and sediments

Downs

Kruse

2022

Preprint

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A 24-hour 2D time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) survey was conducted in an altered mangrove forest on a barrier island in southeast Florida, USA, to (1) assess the method's utility in hypersaline conditions and (2) understand how trees respond to hypersaline conditions. ERI measurements serve as a proxy for pore water salinity and saturation. Here, resistivity changes suggest a lag between the tidal cycle and changes in ground resistivity. ERI data show that overall changes within 24 hours are very small, but there is more variability in resistivity in the root zone of mangroves than in open salt flat portions along a fixed transect. Two to three hours after sunset, root zone resistivity increased from initial, midday conditions. Overnight, the root zone was less resistive than midday. By sunrise, root zone resistivity was once again higher than initial conditions. Measurements from the salt flat where roots are absent remained generally constant throughout the survey. Thus, changes in resistivity over time are inferred to reflect mangrove tree physiological influences related to diel water use. A mechanistic explanation for the decreased resistivity two hours after sunset from the re-distribution of salts to the soil around the roots is the Cohesion-Tension Theory, which suggests that trees continue water uptake after sunset to balance the pressure after leaf stomates have closed. The corresponding overnight drop in ground resistivity just prior to sunrise may be explained by redistribution of freshwater from the tree to the soil that was delayed until the early morning hours. The limited period of data acquisition limits definitive data interpretations, but the study illustrates the monitoring potential of ERI in hypersaline environments such as a mangrove forest. Hosted fileessoar.10511305.2.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/560132/articles/608325hydraulic-redistribution-in-mangroves-time-lapse-electrical-resistivity-reveals-dielpatterns-of-subsurface-salt-mobilization-consistent-with-exchange-of-water-betweentrees-and-sediments 1 1 Informative title: Hydraulic redistribution in mangroves: time-lapse electrical resistivity reveals diel patterns of subsurface salt mobilization consistent with exchange of water between trees and sediments

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The Effect of Hurricane Irma Storm Surge on the Freshwater Lens in Big Pine Key, Florida using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems

Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems

Geophysical mapping of freshwater lens in Big Pine Key, Florida: Electromagnetic Induction Calibration and Application

Hydraulic redistribution in mangroves: time-lapse electrical resistivity reveals diel patterns of subsurface salt mobilization consistent with exchange of water between trees and sediments

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