The Effect of Human Growth Hormone on Superoxide Dismutase Activity, Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Levels of Hypoxic-Ischemic Newborn Rat Brain

Abstract

Objectives: We investigated the effect of human growth hormone (GH) on newborn rat brain superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) newborn rats. Methods: Fourty-eight 7 days old newborn rats were randomized to a healthy (n: 15), H-I (n: 18) and GH administered H-I (GH-H-I, n: 15) group. Permanent, left common carotid ligation was performed in the H-I groups. In the GH-H-I group, 50 mg/kg human GH (Norditropin Simplex, Novo Nordisk A/S) was administered subcutaneously just before carotid artery ligation. Two hours after ligation, rats were subjected to 2 h of hypoxemia and then were decapitated. Right and left cerebral hemispheres (CHs) and cerebellum-brain stem (C-BS) were separated. Results: Glutathione levels of each region were not statistically different from each other in and between the groups. Superoxide dismutase levels were higher in C-BSs compared to CHs (for each comparison p < 0.01). CHs and C-BS MDA levels were similar in the control and H-I groups but MDA levels of both CHs of the GH-H-I group were significantly higher than the levels of the H-I group (p = 0.01; p = 0.024, respectively). Left CH MDA level of GH-H-I group was higher compared to left CH MDA of the control group (p = 0.045) while there was no difference between right CHs. In the GH-H-I group, left CH MDA level was higher than the C-BS (p = 0.03). MDA levels of the C-BSs did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although we have not evaluated the effect of GH histopathologically, increased lipid peroxidation especially in the H-I (left) hemisphere of the GH treated rats might suggest that GH treatment may be harmful in H-I encephalopathy.

Early‐life N‐arachidonoyl‐dopamine exposure increases antioxidant capacity of the brain tissues and reduces functional deficits after neonatal hypoxia in rats

“…The data on GSH content in the brain or brain structures after neonatal H/HI are somewhat contradictory and there is an evidence of structural and time‐dependent manner of these changes. Most studies found no change in GSH level immediately after and within 2 h after HI (Dafre et al, 2003; Wallin et al, 2000; Yapicioǧlu et al, 2006) or hypoxia alone (Greggio et al, 2009; Kletkiewicz et al, 2016). The GSH content was decreased at 3–72 h after H/HI (Bratek et al, 2018; Dafre et al, 2003; Greggio et al, 2009; Kaur et al, 2010; Wallin et al, 2000).…”

Effects of Anti-oxidants on Oxidative Stress: Assessing MDA in Urine Samples

“…Human growth hormone was found to increase lipid peroxidation in rats which in turn increases MDA level of hypoxic-ischemic newborn rat brain tissue [33].…”