The Effect of Human Capital, Economic Anxiety, And Political Ideologies on Immigrant Health Perceptions: a Between-Subjects Experimental Approach

Abstract

This research examines the factors that influence health-related stereotypes against immigrants, with a focus on how human capital, conservative ideology, and economic anxiety impact these perceptions across different immigrant groups in the United States. The study uses Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis of data from the 2020 Collaborative Multi-racial Post-Election Survey to assess attitudes towards all immigrants, as well as specifically Mexican and Chinese immigrants. Objective: Health stereotypes often depict immigrants as carriers of diseases and burdens on society, which affect public opinion and policy. This study aims to analyze the roles of human capital, political ideology, and economic conditions in shaping these stereotypes. Method: Using OLS regression, the analysis explores the association between stereotyping and various predictors, including conservative ideology (measured objectively and subjectively), human capital, and economic anxiety. Disaggregating the data by immigrant group allows for nuanced insights into the interplay of these factors. Results: The results reveal moderate levels of stereotyping across all groups, with variations by immigrant origin. Objective measures of conservative ideology show a strong correlation with increased stereotyping, particularly against Mexican immigrants. Higher human capital is associated with reduced stereotyping, while economic anxiety consistently exacerbates negative stereotypes across all groups. Furthermore, Republican affiliation and racial identity are correlated with heightened stereotyping, especially against Chinese immigrants. Discussion: The findings highlight the complexity of the factors contributing to health-related stereotypes and emphasize the importance of addressing educational and economic elements to mitigate these biases. Tailored interventions that take into account the distinct dynamics of each immigrant group are crucial for reducing stereotypes and improving integration and health outcomes.