The Effect of Hot or Cold Water Immersion on Isometric Strength Training

Burke, Darren; MacNEIL, Scott A.; Holt, Laurence E.; MacKINNON, Natalie C.; Rasmussen, Roy

doi:10.1519/1533-4287(2000)014<0021:teohoc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 15 publications

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“…), Burke et al . () reported a greater increase in isometric hip flexor strength after 5 days of isometric training combined with cold water immersion (10 min at 8 ± 1°C) compared with passive recovery after each session. Halson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Post‐exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long‐term adaptations in muscle to strength training

Roberts

Raastad

Markworth

et al. 2015

The Journal of Physiology

164

263

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Key pointsr Cold water immersion is a popular strategy to recover from exercise. However, whether regular cold water immersion influences muscle adaptations to strength training is not well understood.r We compared the effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on changes in muscle mass and strength after 12 weeks of strength training. We also examined the effects of these two treatments on hypertrophy signalling pathways and satellite cell activity in skeletal muscle after acute strength exercise.r Cold water immersion attenuated long term gains in muscle mass and strength. It also blunted the activation of key proteins and satellite cells in skeletal muscle up to 2 days after strength exercise.r Individuals who use strength training to improve athletic performance, recover from injury or maintain their health should therefore reconsider whether to use cold water immersion as an adjuvant to their training.Abstract We investigated functional, morphological and molecular adaptations to strength training exercise and cold water immersion (CWI) through two separate studies. In one study, 21 physically active men strength trained for 12 weeks (2 days per week), with either 10 min of CWI or active recovery (ACT) after each training session. Strength and muscle mass increased more in the ACT group than in the CWI group (P < 0.05). Isokinetic work (19%), type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area (17%) and the number of myonuclei per fibre (26%) increased in the ACT group (all P < 0.05), but not the CWI group. In another study, nine active men performed a bout of single-leg strength exercises on separate days, followed by CWI or ACT. Muscle biopsies were collected before and 2, 24 and 48 h after exercise. The number of satellite cells expressing neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) (10−30%) and paired box protein (Pax7) (20−50%) increased 24-48 h after exercise with ACT. The number of NCAM + satellite cells increased 48 h after exercise with CWI. NCAM + -and Pax7 + -positive satellite cell numbers were greater after ACT than after CWI (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase Thr421/Ser424 increased after exercise in both conditions but was greater after ACT (P < 0.05). These data suggest that CWI attenuates the acute changes in satellite cell numbers and activity of kinases that regulate muscle hypertrophy, which Abbreviations DAPI, 4 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ERK, extracellular regulated kinase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule; Pax7, paired box protein 7; p70S6K, p70S6 kinase; RFD, rate of force development; RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay; RM, repetition maximum; rpS6, ribosomal protein S6; Ser, serine; Thr, threonine; Tyr, tyrosine; 4E-BP1, (eukaryotic translation initiation factor) 4E-binding protein1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Conversely, other studies have demonstrated that cold water immersion augmented strength gains after 5 days of strength training (Burke et al . ) and increased markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle (Ihsan et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long‐term adaptations in muscle to strength training

Roberts

Raastad

Markworth

et al. 2015

The Journal of Physiology

164

263

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third, a reliable and ecologically valid performance measure was used to assess recovery rather than biochemical markers, as improvement in these markers are of little practical importance to athletes if performance itself is not improved. In addition, the participants were all male as variable responses to CWI protocols may be due to a suggested gender difference 19. In fact, two prior reports that have found no performance benefit when utilising CWI have included only female participants 13 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equivocal results seen in the literature may be partially explained by discrepancies in the water immersion protocols, participants of differing training levels, variable measures of recovery that may not be related to athletic performance, gender effects and the fact that the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of CWI have yet to be fully elucidated 4 18 19. One possible mechanism suggested to account for the positive effects of CWI on subsequent maximal exercise performance is the marked effect on core body temperature,4 20–22 although other mechanisms including an attenuation of inflammation and an analgesic effect likely contribute to the effectiveness if the intervention 23…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual perception of recovery is related to subsequent sprint performance

Cook

Beaven

2013

Br J Sports Med

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“…A: All table files are made in Word. 5. No PDFs submitted just Word and appropriate files e.g., PPT for figures as a final pdf will be produced by EM for your approval.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Partial-Body Cryotherapy on Isometric Strength: Maximum Handgrip Strength Evaluation

Nardi

Pizzigalli

Benis

et al. 2017

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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De Nardi, M, Pizzigalli, L, Benis, R, Caffaro, F, and Cremasco, MM. Acute effects of partial-body cryotherapy on isometric strength: maximum handgrip strength evaluation. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3497-3502, 2017-The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a single partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) session on the maximum handgrip strength (JAMAR Hydraulic Hand dynamometer). Two hundred healthy adults were randomized into a PBC group and a control group (50 men and 50 women in each group). After the initial handgrip strength test (T0), the experimental group performed a 150-second session of PBC (temperature range between -130 and -160° C), whereas the control group stayed in a thermo neutral room (22.0 ± 0.5° C). Immediately after, both groups performed another handgrip strength test (T1). Data underlined that both groups showed an increase in handgrip strength values, especially the experimental group (Control: T0 = 39.48 kg, T1 = 40.01 kg; PBC: T0 = 39.61 kg, T1 = 41.34 kg). The analysis also reported a statistical effect related to gender (F = 491.99, P ≤ 0.05), with women showing lower handgrip strength values compared with men (women = 30.43 kg, men = 52.27 kg). Findings provide the first evidence that a single session of PBC leads to the improvement of muscle strength in healthy people. The results of the study imply that PBC could be performed also before a training session or a sport competition, to increase hand isometric strength.

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The Effect of Hot or Cold Water Immersion on Isometric Strength Training

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Post‐exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long‐term adaptations in muscle to strength training

Post‐exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long‐term adaptations in muscle to strength training

Individual perception of recovery is related to subsequent sprint performance

Acute Effects of Partial-Body Cryotherapy on Isometric Strength: Maximum Handgrip Strength Evaluation

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