The effect of HIV on morbidity and mortality in children with severe malarial anaemia

Malamba, Samuel; Hladik, Wolfgang; Reingold, Arthur; Banage, Flora; McFarland, Willi; Rutherford, George W; Mimbe, Derrick; Nzaro, E.; Downing, Robert; Mermin, Jonathan

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-143

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…; Malamba et al . ). In a further Ugandan study of older febrile children (≤18 years), HIV‐infected subjects had higher malaria recrudescence risk (HR 1.67, P = 0.13), although no difference in incidence of new infections (HR 0.94, P = 0.86) during follow‐up for 28 days (Kamya et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The interaction between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection in severely anaemic Malawian children: a prospective longitudinal study

Kyeyune

Calis

Phiri

et al. 2014

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjective Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are co-prevalent in subSaharan Africa and cause severe anaemia in children. Interactions between these infections occur in adults, although these are less clear in children. The aim of study was to determine their interaction in a cohort of severely anaemic children.methods Severely anaemic Malawian children were enrolled, tested for HIV and malaria, transfused and followed for 18 months for malaria incidence. Antiretrovirals were not widely available in Malawi during the study period.results Of 381 children (haemoglobin <5 g/dl), 357 consented for HIV testing, 12.6% were HIVinfected, and 59.5% had malaria parasitaemia. At enrolment, HIV-infected children had similar malaria parasitaemia prevalence (59.1% vs. 58.7%; P = 0.96) and parasite density (geometric mean [parasites/ll] 6903 vs. 12417; P = 0.18) as HIV-negative children. There were no differences in mean CD4%, or prevalence of severe immunosuppression, between those with and without malaria parasitaemia. Plasma viral load correlated negatively with log parasitaemia (r = À0.78; P = 0.01). During follow-up, HIV-infected children did not experience more frequent parasitaemias or symptomatic malaria episodes. Adjusted risk estimates (95% CI) for malaria parasitaemia in HIVinfected children at 6 and 18 months follow-up were 0.39 (0.13-1.14) and 0.40 (0.11-1.51), respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The interaction between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection in severely anaemic Malawian children: a prospective longitudinal study

Kyeyune

Calis

Phiri

et al. 2014

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…); HIV infection (Malamba et al . ) (in children with severe malarial anaemia); bacteraemia (Berkley et al . ; Were et al .…”

Section: Syndromes Defining Severe Malaria In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Malaria

2014

Tropical Med Int Health

460

354

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Fever and diarrhea developed in a 34-year-old Swiss man two weeks after his return from Madagascar. Before his visit he had not taken any prophylactic antimalarial drugs. Despite self-treatment with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, he remained febrile. He also reported hematuria and dark urine. On admission, his temperature was 39.2°C and his vital signs and mental status were normal. The abdomen was tender, and the spleen was palpable 15 cm below the costal margin. The hemoglobin level was 12.4 g per deciliter, the hematocrit was 35 percent, the white-cell count was 8500 per cubic millimeter, and the platelet count was 15,000 per cubic millimeter. The creatinine level was 2.6 mg per deciliter (234 µmol per liter), the lactate dehydrogenase level was 1920 U per liter (normal, 187 to 443), and the bilirubin level was 11.5 mg per deciliter (197 µmol per liter); the results of other liver-function tests were in the normal range. Examination of blood smears showed severe infestation with Plasmodium falciparum, with 70 to 80 percent of red cells containing up to five parasites (small ring forms) per cell (long arrow in Panel A). Other features of P. falciparum that were present included chromatin dots (arrowheads in Panel A) and appliqué forms (short arrow in Panels A and B; Wright's stain, ¬1000). About 70 percent of the neutrophils contained hemozoin (shown in a band form [long arrows] in Panel B). The patient was treated with intravenous quinine sulfate and exchange transfusions, with dramatic improvement. The degree of parasitemia fell to 65 percent after the first exchange transfusion and to 8 percent after the second. The patient's course was complicated by acute renal failure, the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and spontaneous rupture of the spleen, necessitating continuous hemofiltration, mechanical ventilation, and laparotomy with splenectomy. Despite these complications , the patient was able to return home within three months and was well at the last follow-up visit.

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“…HIV infection and malaria are synergistic in terms of morbidity in co-infected patients, mainly in pregnant women [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–activity relationships of 4-N-substituted ferroquine analogues: Time to re-evaluate the mechanism of action of ferroquine

Biot

Chavain

Dubar

et al. 2009

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

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The effect of HIV on morbidity and mortality in children with severe malarial anaemia

Abstract: Background: Malaria and HIV are common causes of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The effect of HIV infection on morbidity and mortality in children with severe malarial anaemia was assessed.

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

The interaction between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection in severely anaemic Malawian children: a prospective longitudinal study

The interaction between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection in severely anaemic Malawian children: a prospective longitudinal study

Severe Malaria

Structure–activity relationships of 4-N-substituted ferroquine analogues: Time to re-evaluate the mechanism of action of ferroquine

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