The effect of high protein diet and exercise on irisin, eNOS, and iNOS expressions in kidney

Abstract

Long-term effects of high protein diets (HPDs) on kidneys are still not sufficiently studied. Irisin which increases oxygen consumption and thermogenesis in white fat cells was shown in skeletal muscles and many tissues. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. We aimed to investigate the effects of HPD, irisin and NO expression in kidney and relation of them with exercise and among themselves. Animals were grouped as control, exercise, HPD and exercise combined with HPD (exercise-HPD). Rats were kept on a HPD for 5 weeks and an exercise program was given them as 5 exercise and 2 rest days per week exercising on a treadmill with increasing speed and angle. In our study, while HPD group had similar total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels with control group, exercise and exercise-HPD groups had lower levels (p < 0.05). Kidneys of exercising rats had no change in irisin or eNOS expression but their iNOS expression had increased (p < 0.001). HPD-E group has not been observed to cause kidney damage and not have a significant effect on rat kidney irisin, eNOS, or iNOS expression. Localization of irisin, eNOS, and iNOS staining in kidney is highly selective and quite clear in this study. Effects of exercise and HPD on kidney should be evaluated with different exercise protocols and contents of the diet. _ Irisin, eNOS, and iNOS staining localizations should be supported with various research studies. ARTICLE HISTORY

Mediterranean Diet and Airway Inflammation in School-Aged Children

“…Furthermore, lower levels of airway inflammation biomarkers were associated with increased expression of sputum genes GPR41 and GPR43 [ 17 ]. Systematically increased NO can damage organs and consume antioxidants impeding their protective properties against oxidative stress [ 55 ]. It appears that pro-inflammatory cytokines could increase the activity of the iNOS enzyme, promoting NO production [ 53 ].…”

Expression Analysis of Irisin During Different Differentiation Stages of Skeletal Muscle Cells

“…Exercise can not only improve the expression of the target gene PGC-1α of irisin, but also regulate the activity of irisin through multiple signalling pathways (20,21). Meanwhile, as a molecular messenger between skeletal muscle and surrounding tissues and organs, irisin can promote the decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation during energy generation by inducing upregulation of UCP1, and release energy in a non-shivering form to regulate body homeostasis (22). So irisin is also thought as a bridge between exercise and metabolic homeostasis.…”

Irisin at the crossroads of inter-organ communications: Challenge and implications

“…Irisin is expressed almost in whole tissues and organs of rodents and humans; it presents in the liver, heart, kidney, brain, skin, muscle, retina, and pineal gland in rodents (17, [34][35][36][37][38], and also appears in human liver, pancreas, stomach, cerebrospinal fluid, serum, saliva and urine (39)(40)(41)(42). Varied human tissues express diverse concentrations of irisin, with the highest amounts of irisin detected in skeletal muscle, proceeded behind by other muscle-contained tissues.…”