The Effect of High-Protein Diets on Coronary Blood Flow

Fleming, Richard M; Boyd, Larry B.

doi:10.1177/000331970005101003

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…10, 50 Individual studies that combine regular exercise with either unrestricted or energy-restricted low-carbohydrate diets have observed similar weight loss to our intervention at 6 months: 12.0 (95% CI±1.8) kg; 51 and at 1 year: 10.9 (95% CI±1.2) kg, 52 and 12.2 (includes telemonitoring, 95% CI±1.3) kg reductions. 53 However, studies on the effects of low-carbohydrate diets have shown higher rates of all-cause mortality, 54 decreased peripheral flow-mediated dilation, 55 worsening of coronary artery disease, 56 and increased rates of constipation, headache, halitosis, muscle cramps, general weakness and rash. 10 Other energy-restricted diets can be effective for weight loss, for example, one study using a 1 500 kcal daily intake, with 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 20% protein achieved an average 17.3 (95% CI±1.6) kg reduction in weight at 36 weeks, which is significantly more than our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes

Wright

Wilson²,

Smith³

et al. 2017

Nutr & Diabetes

275

269

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Background/Objective:There is little randomised evidence using a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet as intervention for elevated body mass index (BMI) or dyslipidaemia. We investigated the effectiveness of a community-based dietary programme. Primary end points: BMI and cholesterol at 6 months (subsequently extended).Subjects:Ages 35–70, from one general practice in Gisborne, New Zealand. Diagnosed with obesity or overweight and at least one of type 2 diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia. Of 65 subjects randomised (control n=32, intervention n=33), 49 (75.4%) completed the study to 6 months. Twenty-three (70%) intervention participants were followed up at 12 months.Methods:All participants received normal care. Intervention participants attended facilitated meetings twice-weekly for 12 weeks, and followed a non-energy-restricted WFPB diet with vitamin B12 supplementation.Results:At 6 months, mean BMI reduction was greater with the WFPB diet compared with normal care (4.4 vs 0.4, difference: 3.9 kg m−2 (95% confidence interval (CI)±1), P<0.0001). Mean cholesterol reduction was greater with the WFPB diet, but the difference was not significant compared with normal care (0.71 vs 0.26, difference: 0.45 mmol l−1 (95% CI±0.54), P=0.1), unless dropouts were excluded (difference: 0.56 mmol l−1 (95% CI±0.54), P=0.05). Twelve-month mean reductions for the WFPB diet group were 4.2 (±0.8) kg m−2 BMI points and 0.55 (±0.54, P=0.05) mmol l−1 total cholesterol. No serious harms were reported.Conclusions:This programme led to significant improvements in BMI, cholesterol and other risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, this research has achieved greater weight loss at 6 and 12 months than any other trial that does not limit energy intake or mandate regular exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes

Wright

Wilson²,

Smith³

et al. 2017

Nutr & Diabetes

275

269

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“…Could it be that whole food, plant-based diets that have successfully demonstrated the regression of CAD in response to markedly lower lipid values, including HDL, may have facilitated the conversion of HDL from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory, atheroprotective particle [23–25]? And could it be that these properties are more important than the absolute HDL numbers [26, 27]?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention Program for Reducing Selected Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Individuals Living in Rural Appalachia: A Pilot Cohort Study

Drozek

Diehl

Nakazawa

et al. 2014

Advances in Preventive Medicine

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Most Western chronic diseases are closely tied to lifestyle behaviors, and many are preventable. Despite the well-distributed knowledge of these detrimental behaviors, effective efforts in disease prevention have been lacking. Many of these chronic diseases are related to obesity and type 2 diabetes, which have doubled in incidence during the last 35 years. The Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) is a community-based, comprehensive lifestyle modification approach to health that has shown success in addressing this problem. This pilot study demonstrates the effectiveness of CHIP in an underserved, rural, and vulnerable Appalachian population. Two hundred fourteen participants in CHIP collectively demonstrated significant reductions in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and glucose. If these results can be repeated in other at-risk populations, CHIP has the potential to help reduce the burden of preventable and treatable chronic diseases efficiently and cost-effectively.

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“…The symptoms and abnormalities on the laboratory tests resolved after the high protein intake was discontinued [27]. In a case-control study, subjects (treatment group/TG) were studied for 1 year by using myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), echocardiography (ECHO), and serial blood work [28]. MPI and ECHO were performed at the beginning and end of the study for each individual.…”

Section: Increased Cancer Risk Disorders Of Liver Function and Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TG group studied modified their dietary intake as instructed. Additional subjects (high protein group/HPG) elected a different dietary regimen consisting of a “high-protein” diet [28]. Subjects in the TG demonstrated a reduction in each of the independent variables studied with regression in both the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) as quantitatively measured by MPI.…”

Section: Increased Cancer Risk Disorders Of Liver Function and Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Effects Associated with Protein Intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Adults

Delimaris

2013

ISRN Nutrition

102

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Background. While high-protein consumption—above the current recommended dietary allowance for adults (RDA: 0.8 g protein/kg body weight/day)—is increasing in popularity, there is a lack of data on its potential adverse effects. Objective. To determine the potential disease risks due to high protein/high meat intake obtained from diet and/or nutritional supplements in humans. Design. Review. Subjects. Healthy adult male and female subjects. Method. In order to identify relevant studies, the electronic databases, Medline and Google Scholar, were searched using the terms:“high protein diet,” “protein overconsumption,” “protein overuse,” and “high meat diet.” Papers not in English were excluded. Further studies were identified by citations in retrieved papers. Results. 32 studies (21 experimental human studies and 11 reviews) were identified. The adverse effects associated with long-term high protein/high meat intake in humans were (a) disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis, (b) disorders of renal function, (c) increased cancer risk, (d) disorders of liver function, and (e) precipitated progression of coronary artery disease. Conclusions. The findings of the present study suggest that there is currently no reasonable scientific basis in the literature to recommend protein consumption above the current RDA (high protein diet) for healthy adults due to its potential disease risks. Further research needs to be carried out in this area, including large randomized controlled trials.

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The Effect of High-Protein Diets on Coronary Blood Flow

Abstract: Recent research has demonstrated that successful simultaneous treatment of multiple risk factors including cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)

Cited by 50 publications

References 57 publications

The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes

The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes

Short-Term Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention Program for Reducing Selected Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Individuals Living in Rural Appalachia: A Pilot Cohort Study

Adverse Effects Associated with Protein Intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Adults

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