The effect of high-molecular weight chitosans on the antioxidant and immune systems of the honeybee

Салтыкова, Е. С.; Karimova, A. A.; Гатауллин, А. Р.; Гайфуллина, Л. Р.; Matniyazov, R. T.; Фролова, М. А.; Albulov, A. I.; Николенко, А. Г.

doi:10.1134/s0003683816050136

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, feeding chitosan to honey bees also induced a strong immune response by increasing expression of a number of AMP genes as well as expression of the immune and longevity-related gene, vitellogenin [36]. Chitosan is also a weak antimicrobial compound, though it is mainly effective against bacteria [67,68]. Thus, it is not clear if the reduced spore counts are more due to an increased immune response or an antimicrobial effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Borges

Guzmán-Novoa

2020

PLoS ONE

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Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that causes nosemosis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). As alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin, ten nutraceuticals (oregano oil, thymol, carvacrol, trans-cinnmaldehyde, tetrahydrocurcumin, sulforaphane, naringenin, embelin, allyl sulfide, hydroxytyrosol) and two immuno-stimulatory compounds (chitosan, poly I:C) were examined for controlling N. ceranae infections. Caged bees were inoculated with N. ceranae spores, and treatments were administered in sugar syrup. Only two compounds did not significantly reduce N. ceranae spore counts compared to the infected positive control, but the most effective were sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables, carvacrol from oregano oil, and naringenin from citrus fruit. When tested at several concentrations, the highest sulforaphane concentration reduced spore counts by 100%, but also caused 100% bee mortality. For carvacrol, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 57% with an intermediate concentration and the maximum bee mortality was 23% with the highest concentration. For naringenin, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 64% with the highest concentration, and the maximum bee mortality was only 15% with an intermediate concentration. In the longevity experiment, naringenin-fed bees lived as long as Nosema-free control bees, both of which lived significantly longer than infected positive control bees. While its antimicrobial properties may be promising, reducing sulforaphane toxicity to bees is necessary before it can be considered as a candidate for controlling N. ceranae. Although further work on formulation is needed with naringenin, its effect on extending longevity in infected bees may give it an additional value as a potential additive for bee feed in honey bee colonies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Borges

Guzmán-Novoa

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Fungi are not the only possible targets for Vd-CHIsal, because chitinases may also be active, directly or indirectly, towards bacteria. Although only few studies reported a direct antibacterial effect of chitinases [ 53 ], it is reasonable to speculate that Vd-CHIsal could also interfere with bacterial proliferation at the feeding site through production of antimicrobial chito-oligosaccharides derived from host’s chitin degradation [ 54 ] and by exerting anti-biofilm activity, as observed for other chitinases [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A salivary chitinase of Varroa destructor influences host immunity and mite’s survival

et al. 2020

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Varroa destructor is an ectoparasite of honey bees and an active disease vector, which represents one of the most severe threats for the beekeeping industry. This parasitic mite feeds on the host’s body fluids through a wound in the cuticle, which allows food uptake by the mother mite and its progeny, offering a potential route of entrance for infecting microorganisms. Mite feeding is associated with saliva injection, whose role is still largely unknown. Here we try to fill this gap by identifying putative host regulation factors present in the saliva of V. destructor and performing a functional analysis for one of them, a chitinase (Vd-CHIsal) phylogenetically related to chitinases present in parasitic and predatory arthropods, which shows a specific and very high level of expression in the mite’s salivary glands. Vd-CHIsal is essential for effective mite feeding and survival, since it is apparently involved both in maintaining the feeding wound open and in preventing host infection by opportunistic pathogens. Our results show the important role in the modulation of mite-honey bee interactions exerted by a host regulation factor shared by different evolutionary lineages of parasitic arthropods. We predict that the functional characterization of Varroa sialome will provide new background knowledge on parasitism evolution in arthropods and the opportunity to develop new bioinspired strategies for mite control based on the disruption of their complex interactions with a living food source.

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“…Such materials include plant extracts and chitosan (Abou-Shaara et al 2013;Al-Ghamdi et al 2021;Castagnino & Orsi 2012;Goswami & Khan 2013;Kotwal & Abrol 2013;Saltykova et al 2018). Chitosan has shown potential ability to control bee diseases such as Ascosphaera apis (Saltykova et al 2016), Nosema (Saltykova et al 2018;Valizadeh et al 2020) and Varroa mites (Sahebzadeh et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan as polysaccharide deacetylated from chitin has some advantages as a biomaterial including the nontoxic components and biodegradation (Li et al 1992). Also, chitosan has positive effects on the immune system of honey bees (Saltykova et al 2016). Nanotechnology depends on using materials with tiny sizes, mostly less than 100 nanometers (nm), and such materials can be used in beekeeping (Abou-Shaara et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the ability of chitosan nanoparticles to improve development and performance of honey bee colonies during early spring

Abou‐Shaara

2022

Entomological Research

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Chitosan has shown promising results in improving bee health. The experiments of this study investigated the effects of using chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) on honey bee colonies. CHNPs were added into the bee feed at three concentrations: 10, 30, and 60 ppm (i.e. CHNPs 10, CHNPs 30, and CHNPs 60). The effects of these treatments on activities and performance of bee colonies were compared during early spring in addition to a control group without CHNPs. The survival experiment supported the safety of these concentrations of CHNPs to bees. The data from the apiary showed the superior results of CHNPs 30 and CHNPs 60 on comb building, hygienic behavior, stored food, and colony strength significantly than CHNPs 10 and the control group. No significant variations generally were found between CHNPs 30 and CHNPs 60 as well as between CHNPs 10 and the control group in the measured parameters. The mean numbers of dead bees in front of beehive entrances supported the absence of negative effects of CHNPs on bee colonies. The study emphasized the role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing performance and activities of bee colonies especially with CHNPs 30 and CHNPs 60 after winter season.

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The effect of high-molecular weight chitosans on the antioxidant and immune systems of the honeybee

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

A salivary chitinase of Varroa destructor influences host immunity and mite’s survival

Testing the ability of chitosan nanoparticles to improve development and performance of honey bee colonies during early spring

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