The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training and L-carnitine on the Expression of Genes Involved in Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in the Liver of Wistar Rats

Abstract

Metabolic flexibility is the capacity of a system to adjust fuel (primarily glucose and fatty acids) oxidation based on nutrient availability. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) is one of the main enzymes that plays a critical role in metabolic flexibility. In the current study, we examined the expression of genes involved in metabolism in the liver of male rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (8 week-old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8); 1. Control, 2. Training (do HIIT training for 4 weeks), 3. LCAR (received 200 mg / kg of L-carnitine, daily), 4. Training + L-carnitine (LCAR-HIIT). The gene expression was measured by Real-time PCR and quantified by 2 -ΔΔCt method. Sterol regulatory elementbinding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression was significantly higher in the LCAR (p = 0.018) and HIIT (p = 0.001) group than in the LCAR-HIIT group. Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) expression in HIIT (p = 0.007, p < 0.001) and LCAR-HIIT (p < 0.001, p = 0.003) groups was significantly increased and decreased compared to the control group and LCAR group, respectively. PDK4 expression was significantly reduced by combination of LCAR-HIIT compared to the control group. In sum, the administration of carnitine and HIIT is very useful and can conduct this by reducing the expression of lipogenic genes such as SREBP-1c and SCD1 as well as increasing the expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). HIGHLIGHTS• L-carnitine supplementation and performing High-intensity interval training (HIIT) showed beneficial effects in rats.• L-carnitine + HIIT reduced lipogenic genes expression.• The combination of L-carnitine and HIIT caused a significant weight control in rats.

The Effect of Two Types of Intense Interval and Resistance Training and Grape Seed Oil on the Expression of Selected Genes Involved in the Oxidation of Free Fatty Acids in the Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Male Rats

“…In contrast, its activity increased and enhanced mitochondrial lipid transport capacity (46). In contrast to the results of our study, Shahouzehi et al, who investigated the effect of HIIT along with L-carnitine supplementation on the expression of the CPT-1 gene in the liver of male rats, found that this expression increased in the HIIT along with L-carnitine consumption group (47). This contradiction may be attributed to the fact that the expression of the CPT-1 gene in different tissues can be affected by different mechanisms (48).…”

Intervention Effects of Physical Activity on Type 2 Diabetic Patients Potentially Infected with COVID-19

“…On the contrary, according to Sabouri, Hatami [129], highintensity interval training improved the glycemic parameters and the levels of antioxidant and inflammatory factors (IL-6, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α decreased from around 17.6, 5.4, and 12.7 pg/mL to 13.3, 4.5, and 11.6 pg/mL, respectively). Other scholars have suggested that high-intensity exercise can reduce body weight, adipocytokine production, and the level of C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, leptin, and resistin [111], increase neutrophil migration to CXCL-8 and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and lipocalin [130], improve oxidative stress, improve the ratio of bacteroidetes-tofirmicutes, glycemic control and insulin sensitivity to regulate the immune response, and improve the homeostasis of the internal environment [112,127], thus reducing the risk of infection and diabetes [111]. Denou, Marcinko [112] concluded that high-intensity exercise can prevent the deterioration of inflammation, improve cardiopulmonary function, and maintain the stability of intestinal flora.…”