The effect of heel-to-toe drop of running shoes on patellofemoral joint stress during running

Zhang, Masen; Zhou, Xinglong; Zhang, Liwen; Liu, Hui; Yu, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.02.008

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The results of the t −test demonstrated that with the exception of the decrease in the peak contralateral pelvic drop, no differences were detected between shoe conditions with respect to hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation on initial contact and at the peak values. In line with our study, previous research also found no significant differences in hip kinematics on initial contact and at peak values between running in conventional shoes and minimalist shoes [ 38 , 39 ]. Other studies have reported that, compared with conventional shoes, barefoot running decreased the contralateral pelvic drop, hip adduction, hip internal rotation, and hip joint reaction force [ 37 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Despite acknowledging that hip kinematics contribute to knee injuries, a lack of research exists regarding the influence of running shoes with and without drops on three−dimensional hip kinematics. One study demonstrated that running in conventional shoes increased the peak joint reaction force at the hip joint [ 37 ]; other studies showed no significant differences in the biomechanics of the hip joint while wearing conventional shoes with drops compared to minimalist shoes and being barefoot [ 38 , 39 ]. The different results of previous studies are likely due to using different kinds of running shoes with varying materials and constructions; additionally, different types of minimalist shoes induced different changes [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Zhang

Chen

Liu

2022

IJERPH

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Patellofemoral joint pain and iliotibial band syndrome are very common running−related injuries. Excessive contralateral pelvic drop, hip adduction, and hip internal rotation have been suggested to be associated with the two injuries. The purpose of this repeated measures and the cross−sectional study was to investigate the effect of flat running shoes on these kinematic variables compared with that of conventional running shoes with a 10 mm drop. Eighteen male recreational runners were recruited to run in flat shoes and conventional shoes with a 10 mm drop, in random order. Impact force data and lower extremity kinematics were synchronously obtained using two Kistler force plates and eight motion infrared cameras, whereas differences in the impact force and hip kinematics were compared using statistical parametric mapping. Regarding hip kinematics, the hip flexion (p = 0.004) and adduction angles (p = 0.004) decreased significantly at 30–70% and 62–85% of the stance phase, respectively, while wearing flat running shoes; the contralateral pelvic drop angle (p = 0.001) decreased significantly at 31–75% of the stance phase while wearing flat running shoes. The knee internal rotation angle (p = 0.035) decreased significantly at 8–17% of the stance phase while wearing flat running shoes compared with conventional running shoes. Given that these kinematic variables are associated with patellofemoral joint pain and iliotibial band syndrome, flat running shoes may have potential benefits for the prevention or treatment of knee injuries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Zhang

Chen

Liu

2022

IJERPH

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“…Thirty-three studies were included in the final review. Of these, 2236–57 (n=371 participants) investigated the effect of footwear and 1130 58–67 (n=207 participants) the effect of shoe insoles on patellofemoral joint loads. We did not identify any studies that investigated effects of taping or bracing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The populations in the included studies were apparently healthy (30 studies,37–62 64–67 n=496 participants) and people diagnosed with patellofemoral pain (3 studies,30 36 59 n=61 participants) or osteoarthritis (1 study,63 n=21 participants). Measurement outcomes included peak external flexion/internal extension knee moment (18 studies,37 40 42–45 47 49–53 55–57 59 60 63 peak patellofemoral joint pressure (14 studies30 36 38 39 41 46 48 54 58 61 62 64 65 67 and peak patellofemoral joint reaction force (1 study 66. Study outcomes are outlined in table 1 (footwear interventions) and table 2 (insole interventions).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do biomechanical foot-based interventions reduce patellofemoral joint loads in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of biomechanical foot-based interventions (eg, footwear, insoles, taping and bracing on the foot) on patellofemoral loads during walking, running or walking and running combined in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, Embase and CENTRAL.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEnglish-language studies that assessed effects of biomechanical foot-based interventions on peak patellofemoral joint loads, quantified by patellofemoral joint pressure, reaction force or knee flexion moment during gait, in people with or without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis.ResultsWe identified 22 footwear and 11 insole studies (participant n=578). Pooled analyses indicated low-certainty evidence that minimalist footwear leads to a small reduction in peak patellofemoral joint loads compared with conventional footwear during running only (standardised mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) = −0.40 (–0.68 to –0.11)). Low-certainty evidence indicated that medial support insoles do not alter patellofemoral joint loads during walking (SMD (95% CI) = −0.08 (–0.42 to 0.27)) or running (SMD (95% CI) = 0.11 (–0.17 to 0.39)). Very low-certainty evidence indicated rocker-soled shoes have no effect on patellofemoral joint loads during walking and running combined (SMD (95% CI) = 0.37) (−0.06 to 0.79)).ConclusionMinimalist footwear may reduce peak patellofemoral joint loads slightly compared with conventional footwear during running only. Medial support insoles may not alter patellofemoral joint loads during walking or running and the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of rocker-soled shoes during walking and running combined. Clinicians aiming to reduce patellofemoral joint loads during running in people with patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis may consider minimalist footwear.

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“…However, this condition is still debated because there is no clear evidence that high cushioning can reduce the impact peak [ 11 ]. Furthermore, different HTD can induce different running biomechanics such as an increased vertical loading rate in low HTD [ 12 ], changes in the foot inclination angle and therefore, changes in the running biomechanics [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Footwear and Impact Peak Differences in Recreational Runners

Roggio

Trovato

Zanghì

et al. 2022

Biology

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Running is a physical activity and the investigation of its biomechanical aspects is crucial both to avoid injuries and enhance performance. Recreational runners may be liable to increased stress over the body, particularly to lower limb joints. This study investigates the different running patterns of recreational runners by analyzing characteristics of the footwear impact peak, spatiotemporal, and kinematic parameters among those that present with a peak impact and those that do not, with a 3D markerless system. Thirty recreational runners were divided into two groups: impact peak group (IP) (n = 16) and no impact peak group (n = 14) (n-IP). Kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters showed a large Cohen’s d effect size between the groups. The mean hip flexion was IP 40.40° versus n-IP 32.30° (d = −0.82). Hip extension was IP 30.20° versus n-IP 27.70° (d = −0.58), and ankle dorsiflexion was IP 20.80°, versus n-IP 13.37° (d = −1.17). Stride length was IP 117.90 cm versus n-IP 105.50 cm (d = −0.84). Steps per minute was IP group 170 spm, versus n-IP 163 spm (d = −0.51). The heel-to-toe drop was mainly 10–12 mm for the IP group and 4–6 mm for the n-IP group. Recreational runners whose hip extension is around 40°, ankle dorsiflexion around 20°, and initial foot contact around 14°, may be predisposed to the presence of an impact peak.

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The effect of heel-to-toe drop of running shoes on patellofemoral joint stress during running

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Do biomechanical foot-based interventions reduce patellofemoral joint loads in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Running Footwear and Impact Peak Differences in Recreational Runners

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