The effect of heating the hypothalamus and the skin on the rate of moisture vaporization from the skin of the ox (Bos taurus)

Abstract

Localized heating of the hypothalamus of the ox causes an increase in the rate of moisture vaporization from the skin of the trunk when the environmental temperature is between 10 and 200 C (Ingram, McLean & Whittow, 1961). The increased moisture loss from the skin is associated with an increase in the skin temperature. It is uncertain whether the increase in cutaneous moisture loss is a direct effect of increased hypothalamic temperature or whether it is a secondary effect of increased skin temperature. Nor is it known whether changes in the temperature of the hypothalamus play any part in the regulation of cutaneous moisture loss in the ox under normal conditions. The rate of cutaneous moisture loss also increases when the environmental temperature is increased, but it is again uncertain whether the increased moisture loss is a result of a change in hypothalamic or skin temperature.When the rump and flanks are exposed to infra-red irradiation increases in the skin temperatures of the unheated extremities of the ox can occur before the temperature of the blood in the bicarotid trunk increases (Ingram & Whittow, 1962b). If the increase in skin temperature is the cause of increased loss of moisture from the skin, then increased moisture vaporization from the unheated extremities should also occur in the absence of any change in the brain temperature.The experiments described in this paper were undertaken (a) to provide more information about the effects of heating the hypothalamus on loss of moisture from the skin at different environmental temperatures, (b) to see whether loss of moisture can increase in the absence of a change in skin temperature, and (c) to see whether the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin can be correlated with the temperature of the hypothalamus.

Thermoregulation in intensively lactating cows in near‐natural conditions

“…Such stimuli are effective in the control of sweating in man, during transient thermal states (Wurster, McCook & Randall, 1966). This might be true in cattle also only in the transient conditions of the natural climate, as hypothalamic heating was found to activate sweating (Ingram, McLean & Whittow, 1963).…”

Equine sweating and anhidrosis Part 1 – equine sweating

“…Further evidence of vascular involvement in sudomotor action comes from the experiments of Ingram et al ., 109 who showed that in the ox, sweating caused by localized heating of the hypothalamus did not occur when the circulation was occluded. An interaction between sweating and the microcirculation is also readily evident from experiments on isolated perfused equine skin 49,71 .…”

Gallic Acid Regulates Skin Photoaging in UVB‐exposed Fibroblast and Hairless Mice

“…Additionally, there are relationships between atopic, wrinkled skin and other skin diseases with TEWL. Therefore, research into moisturizing and prevention of moisture loss is needed to enhance the elasticity and smoothness of skin (Thiex and Richardson, 2003;Rawlings and Matts, 2005;Ingram et al, 1963;Sarkar et al, 2010).…”