The effect of heat, buffer salt and H-ion concentration, and ultraviolet light on the infectivity of Heliothis and Trichoplusia nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses

Gudauskas, Robert T.; Canerday, Don T.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(68)90346-7

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Insect viral occlusion bodies lose their infectivity when exposed to even milder conditions in laboratories than those to which we subjected the spindles in the present study. For example, the infectivities of polyhedra of various NPVs are generally inactivated by heating at 70°C for 5 to 30 min (Kunimi, 1986;Harpaz and Raccah, 1978) except in the case of Trichoplusia NPV (82 to 88°C, 10 min; Gudauskas and Canerday, 1968). BmNPV polyhedra lose their infectivity by heating at 70°C for 5 min (Aruga, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the viral-enhancing ability of entomopoxvirus spindles exposed to various abiotic factors

Mitsuhashi

Murakami

Takemoto

et al. 2008

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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The proteinaceous paracrystaline structures called spindles that are produced by some entomopoxviruses (EPVs) are known to strongly enhance the infectivity of various nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). These proteinaceous bodies thus may be potential synergists of bio-control agents (such as NPVs) for insect pests. Although the infectivity-enhancing ability of spindles needs to be highly stable when they are used as synergists in the field, little is known regarding the effects of various abiotic factors, e.g. high temperature and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on this stability. In the present study, we exposed Anomala cuprea EPV (AcEPV) spindles to various abiotic factors and examined their subsequent ability to enhance the infectivity of Bombyx mori NPV in B. mori larvae. The enhancing activity of AcEPV spindles was stable against high temperature, UV-B irradiation, ethyl alcohol, or the bactericide benzalkonium chloride and persisted after long exposure to formaldehyde. These results suggest that spindles are stable materials, even though they are composed of proteins, and thus are promising potential synergists of various viral insecticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the viral-enhancing ability of entomopoxvirus spindles exposed to various abiotic factors

Mitsuhashi

Murakami

Takemoto

et al. 2008

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…Tuan et al (1989) reported that the virus of the nuclear polyhedrosis of Heliothis armigera, HSNPV, was inactivated by alkaline dew (pH 8.1) that was collected from soybean leaves. Gudauskas and Canerday (1968), Andrews and Sikorowski (1973) and Young et al (1977) showed that the leaf pH is a factor in the inactivation of NPV.…”

Section: Regarding Virus Infection Strand and Pechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberry leaves treated with bordeaux mixture protect silkworm caterpillars against fungal and viral diseases

et al. 2016

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The bordeaux mixture is used as a natural agricultural fungicide, and its application in sericulture can benefit the production of silkworm cocoons, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The aim of this study was to verify whether the bordeaux mixture exerts a protective effect in B. mori against fungal and viral diseases. This experiment was performed during two seasons, autumn and spring, in which 7,500 caterpillars were used at the beginning of the third instar and divided into five groups, with three repetitions of 500 individuals each. In the three groups, the caterpillars were fed leaves of Mulberry (Morus spp.) that were enriched with an aqueous bordeaux mixture solution at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20%. One group was fed exclusively mulberry leaves (control), and another was fed leaves that were moistened with water. Fungal contamination was evaluated in the integumentary surface of the insect and the mulberry leaves in the bed of creation by checking the number of colony-forming units (CFU). In the analysis of viral contamination, 20 caterpillars from each group at the beginning of the fifth instar were inoculated with 10 µl of a suspension of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Daily, from the second to the ninth day after inoculation (dai), two caterpillars of each group were anesthetized and formalin-fixed 7% for microscopic processing and viral cytopathology analysis. A completely randomized design was used, and the CFU were compared by Tukey test with 5% significance. The results showed a decrease of 55.1% in CFU present on the mulberry leaves in the fall, when the 5% bordeaux mixture solution was used. There was no significant difference between the groups based on the bordeaux mixture in this period. During the same period, reductions of CFU of 28.5, 74.9 and 74.4% were verified in the integument of B. mori when bordeaux mixture solutions of 5, 10 and 20% were used, respectively, compared with the data that were obtained in the control group. In the spring, no difference was observed between the groups that received bordeaux mixture solution and the control. In the case of BmNPV, the 10% bordeaux mixture solution promoted greater resistance to viral infection, possibly favoring the activation of defense mechanisms of insects. Therefore, we recommend the use of a 10% bordeaux mixture solution in mulberry leaves to control fungal and viral diseases in silkworm rearing. ResumoA calda bordalesa é um produto usado como fungicida agrícola natural e sua aplicação em sericicultura pode beneficiar a produção de casulos do bicho-da-seda, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a calda bordalesa exerce efeito protetor em B. mori contra doenças fúngicas e virais. O experimento foi realizado em dois períodos sazonais, outono e primavera, sendo utilizadas 7.500 lagartas no início do terceiro instar, divididas em cinco grupos, com três repetições de 500 indivíduos cada. Em três grupos as lagartas foram alimentadas com folhas de amoreira (Morus spp.) enri...

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“…However, the exclusive use of biocontrol agents like NPV against H. armigera were found to be less effective compared to integrated pest approach [6] . Inactivation of NPV due to high pH values of dew on cotton foliage [9][10][11]22] is the major constraint in cotton ecosystem. However the above difficulties could be overcome through a concept called push-pull strategy [23,24] .…”

Section: Effect Of Npv Spray On Trap Crops and Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entomopathogenic infection viz., virus infection was found to increase susceptibility of H. armigera to the insecticides [7] . But, use of NPV on a larger scale and rapid inactivation of NPV on the cotton surface due to high leaf alkalinity [8][9][10][11] poses certain practical problems. Significant beneficial effects can be obtained when cultural methods, botanicals and bio control agents were combined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Push-pull Strategy with Trap Crops, Neem and Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Insecticide Resistance Management in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Cotton

Duraimurugan¹,

Regupathy²

2005

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is a major threat to cotton production in India. The virus infection was found to increase the susceptibility of H. armigera to the insecticides. But, use of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) on a larger scale and on cotton due to leaf alkalinity poses certain practical problems. Hence, studies were carried out to assess the effects of push-pull strategy with trap crops, neem and NPV in cotton for the management of insecticide resistant H. armigera. Field experiments were conducted on cotton (MCU5) with trap crops (okra and pigeonpea) and neem was used to diversify the pests to trap crops whereby the control of these pests was assessed with the application of NPV. The preference of H. armigera was towards okra and pigeonpea as a trap crop compared to cotton. Application of NSKE on cotton diversified the H. armigera towards untreated okra and pigeonpea. Push-pull strategy with the conjunctive use of trap crops, restricted application of NSKE on cotton leaving trap crops and restricted application of NPV on trap crops was highly effective in reducing the incidence of H. armigera and damage to fruiting bodies, boll, locule and inter locule basis over cotton sole crop (untreated check). The percent recovery of NPV infected larvae varied from 37.5-47.5, 32.8-39.2 and 14.2-20.2% on okra, pigeon pea and cotton respectively. The synthetic pyrethroids resistance in field survived H. armigera at the end of the season was reduced from 87.5-93.1% to 76.4-84.3%.

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The effect of heat, buffer salt and H-ion concentration, and ultraviolet light on the infectivity of Heliothis and Trichoplusia nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Stability of the viral-enhancing ability of entomopoxvirus spindles exposed to various abiotic factors

Stability of the viral-enhancing ability of entomopoxvirus spindles exposed to various abiotic factors

Mulberry leaves treated with bordeaux mixture protect silkworm caterpillars against fungal and viral diseases

Push-pull Strategy with Trap Crops, Neem and Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Insecticide Resistance Management in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Cotton

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